Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences
Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences is an open access, peer-reviewed publication series published by Darcy & Roy Press. It aims to publish conference proceedings dealing with all areas of education, sociology, economics, psychology, history, geography, linguistics, etc.
The Impact of Capital Structure on the Corporate Governance
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the general characteristics of capital structure and measures to optimize the capital structure of each enterprise under heavy-asset and light-asset industries, the characteristics, differences, and connections of capital structure of each enterprise underdeveloped and developing countries, as well as the similarities and differences between the capital structure of Chinese and Vietnamese enterprises. Meanwhile, it discusses the assumptions and limitations of the classical capital structure theory, the Modigliani-Miller theorem. It concludes that it is difficult for firms to have an optimal debt-to-debt ratio in the actual business environment. Therefore, no matter in different industries or markets, each enterprise should choose the capital structure that best suits its own operating characteristics, objectives, and business conditions according to the macroeconomic environment and relevant national policies, financial market environment, market demand, industry competition, and development trends, as well as its business planning, etc. This will help the enterprise improve its operating ability and ability to cope with economic risks and market changes, realize the enterprise's progress in various aspects, and ultimately benefit the long-term development and sustainable operation of the enterprise.
Capital Structure, Optimal Debt Ratio, Industry Differentiation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
From One-Child to Three-Child Policy: Study of Women's Equal Payment for Equal Work in the Context of the Change in Policy
In the past 42 years, China's fertility policy has experienced and repeated exploration and continuous improvement process, which can be roughly divided into three stages. In 1980, the one-child policy was introduced. In 2016, the country officially allowed two children. In 2021, the three-child policy was fully released. This research tests the relationship between fertility policy change (one-child to three-child policy) and the equal pay for equal work of women. The study applies mixed-research method and critical paradigm. Firstly, the study uses experiment by constructing virtual CVs with 4 categories of women, including women with no children, one child, two children, and three children, which can test the effect of the number of children women have on companies' willingness to pay. Secondly, the research also analyze secondary data from NBS. This study will collect the average wages of men and women over three periods of time (shift of fertility policy) to calculate them as ratios by using scatter plots to find changes and conclude that the three-child policy is related to the issue of equal pay for women for equal work.
Women; Three-child Policy; Equal payment for equal work.
Risk Factors Associated with Juvenile Delinquency: Implications for Intervention
Juvenile delinquency is a critical social issue affecting communities globally. This paper examines risk factors associated with adolescent delinquency and implications for interventions. The key points in findings emphasize the importance of early externalizing behaviors, maternal mental health, peer relations and socio-economic status. Detecting children with significant externalizing behavior early is as essential as realizing that maternal depression plus victimization significantly impact those behaviors. Positive parent-child relationships reduce delinquency risks — which has been evidenced by studies conducted in Saint Lucia and Chile on effective family supervision. However, this varies due to different cultures and environments. Differences were observed among India, Australia, and the US. Influence from peers can also be very significant. Having deviant peer associations increases likelihood of delinquency, while having adult social support or religious beliefs decreases it considerably — along with having positive future aspirations. In the future, long-term and multidimensional intervention studies are needed, to better understand juvenile delinquency and, therefore, prevent it more effectively.
risk factors; juvenile delinquency; intervention.
Research on the Attitudes of Weibo Network Violence Participants on Reversal Events of News —Taking China Jiangsu Cake Shop Event for Example
In the era of omnimedia, the online world has formed a new public opinion field where the public expresses their opinions and emotion, accompanied by constant development and evolution of social media, and then, cyber bullying has increased exponentially. Public attitudes towards reversal events news and cyber bullying in the era of omnimedia are deeply explored and analyzed according to the research on typical cases of cyber bullying—“The China Jiangsu Cake Shop Event” in the paper. This event has undergone a process of emergence, fermentation, condemnation, reversal, and sustained cyber bullying, and some netizens played the role of internet violators in this public opinion event. Weibo internet violence participants are interviewed and sampled through semi-structured interviews to study their thinking habits, thinking ways, and behavioral patterns when dealing with online events. Meanwhile, theoretical assumptions about the causes of their behavior are proposed through summarization, so as to further explore the intervention and handling methods of cyber bullying from the perspective of psychological influencing factors.
News Reversal; Cyber Bullying; Weibo Cyber Bullying Participant; Psychological Portrait.
Existence and Meaning: Socrates’ Understanding of Life and Responsibility
This paper explores Socrates’ philosophy as a profound framework for understanding human existence, morality, and social responsibility. Through dialogues such as Apology and Crito, it examines six key themes: the shift in philosophical focus to the soul, the significance of self-knowledge, the equation of knowledge with virtue, the dichotomy of soul and body, the tension between individual ethics and societal laws, and the transformative power of the Socratic Method. Socrates revolutionized philosophy by prioritizing ethical reflection and personal introspection over natural philosophy, emphasizing the pursuit of virtue and moral responsibility. His commitment to the rule of law, tempered by the courage to question injustice, reflects a nuanced approach to balancing personal conscience with societal obligations. Socrates’ principles remain deeply relevant to modern ethical dilemmas, including debates on justice, education, and civic responsibility. By fostering intellectual humility, self-awareness, and critical inquiry, Socratic philosophy offers timeless guidance on leading a meaningful and morally grounded life. This analysis underscores Socrates’ enduring influence, inspiring both individual transformation and collective harmony in contemporary society.
Socrates, ethics, self-knowledge, virtue, moral responsibility.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
As modern society has gradually shifted its focus from materialism to cultural development, equality has always been a universal goal worldwide and an enduring topic provoking heat debate in the academic sphere. It is commonly accepted that the law acts as a leading and pioneering role in the practice of equality, whereas the author disapproves this statement and will evaluate its existing injustice from the angles of ethnicity and gender, extending from previous scholars' studies. This article covers three main sections: introduction, main body and conclusion. Firstly, it judges the phenomenon of ethnicity inequality in the law referencing to the economic position and racial discrimination. The opposing side's analysis of the current improvement and geographical consideration will be reasonably refuted to further support the author's viewpoint. Subsequently, the author analyzes the system of gender blindness exhibited in the judicial system to demonstrate its practice of gender inequality, proposing reference angles and methods for addressing it.
Law, judicial system, inequality, gender, ethnicity.
The Exploration of Leonardo da Vinci’s Artistic Works’ Style
Leonardo da Vinci is the most perfect representative figure of the Renaissance, known as one of the three masters of the Renaissance, and is recognized as a remarkable talent of many ages. Compared with the other artists of the same period, he had not finished many paintings, but each one is immortal. Up to now, people have never stopped researching the Mona Lisa, the Last Supper, and so on. Based on the background of Leonardo da Vinci’s time and life, this paper explores the close relevance between the unique painting style and science in his works through the analysis of his several important works, to try to explain the mysterious smile of Mona Lisa and how to portray the causes of everyone’s precise different facial expressions in the last dinner. By comparative analysis, this paper compares and analyzes the artistic styles of Leonardo da Vinci’s works in different periods to illustrate the continuous improvement of Leonardo da Vinci’s painting technology after studying and adopting scientific methods. The conclusion is that returning to the ideology of humanism during the Renaissance made Leonardo da Vinci advocate naturalism, deeply study natural sciences, especially optics, mathematics, anatomy, biology, and other disciplines related to painting, and master a wide range of knowledge fields, all of these created his unrepeatable artistic style. Throughout Leonardo da Vinci’s entire life, the most worth learning for us to learn is his persistent spirit of pursuing truth.
Leonardo da Vinci, painting and science, unique artistic style.
Art and Science in the Renaissance: The Example of Geometric Features in the Work of Leonardo da Vinci
During the Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci was hailed as a master of painting techniques and theories, and had a profound impact on the development of European painting. Studies have shown that the use of geometry is one of the central elements in Leonardo’s painting technique. By combining art and science, he used the golden section and perspective to give his works a unique sense of order and beauty. This paper selects three masterpieces by Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, The Annunciation and The Mona Lisa, as the objects of study, and explores in depth the geometric features embodied in these works. Through a detailed analysis of the composition, proportion, and spatial relationships in each artwork, this study reveals the close connection between science and art during the Renaissance. The research reveals that in his creative process, Leonardo employed mathematical principles and demonstrated a profound understanding and observational ability regarding the natural world. This interdisciplinary fusion not only enhanced artistic expression but also reflected the contemporary society’s pursuit of an integrated knowledge system.
Leonardo da Vinci, geometry, perspective.
A Study on the Packaging Design of Beijing Clay Toy Rabbit Based on Urban Memory Theory
To enhance the effectiveness of the packaging design for clay figurines, this study takes the traditional Beijing Clay Toy Rabbit, rich in cultural heritage, as the research subject, aiming to explore the innovative practice of urban memory theory in the packaging design of traditional crafts. By extracting design elements, conducting user surveys to select design elements, engaging in design practice, and gathering user ratings and feedback, a packaging design process based on urban memory theory is constructed. User evaluation results indicate that this method not only strengthens the cultural characteristics of the product but also significantly enhances consumer identification and purchase intention. It is evident that integrating urban memory theory into the packaging design of Beijing Clay Toy Rabbit not only helps the rabbit figurines re-enter the public eye with a more vivid image but also provides new ideas for the packaging design of other traditional crafts.
Theory of Urban Memory, Beijing Clay Toy Rabbit, Packaging Design.
Legal Regulation of Trademark Registration in Bad Faith
With the continuous development of China's economy and increasing awareness of trademark protection among all sectors of society, the problem of bad faith registration is a growing concern in China. However, the current concept of bad faith trademark registration is unclear, instead making it ineffective and even increasing the cost of defending the rights of enterprises. The purpose of this article is to study in depth the legal issues of malicious trademark registration in China, to define the behaviour of malicious trademark registration, to elaborate the reasons for the phenomenon, and finally to put forward suggestions to improve the legal regulation of malicious trademark registration, with a view to providing references and guidance for the relevant legal practice.
Enter key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas.
Balancing Exclusivity and Financial Pressures: Challenges Faced by Commercial Galleries in Today’s Evolving Art Market
This paper explores the challenges commercial galleries face in the rapidly transforming art market, examining the impacts of digitalization, globalization, rising operational costs, economic fluctuations, and the difficulty in attracting new collectors. As vital players in the art ecosystem, galleries have had to navigate shifting consumer behaviours, financial pressures, and intensified competition. Using statistics from The Art Basel and UBS reports, gallery business reports, and insights from industry professionals, this paper highlights changes in recent trends in market performance and captures galleries’ underlying dilemma of balancing between exclusivity and expansion. The research reveals that many galleries have implemented innovative strategies, such as increasing their online presence, diversifying revenue streams, and forming strategic partnerships to remain competitive. These demonstrate commercial galleries’ efforts to stay relevant in an increasingly digital and globalized market, while also addressing the financial pressures caused by rising operational costs and external economic uncertainty. The article categorizes the main pressures galleries face into several areas: adapting to technological advances, managing operational expenses, coping with broader socioeconomic changes, and reaching new collectors. This paper concludes by evaluating the effectiveness of galleries' strategic responses to these challenges, showing how they have evolved to maintain profitability and relevance. It offers insights into the strategies galleries have employed to navigate a complex and competitive landscape.
Art market, commercial galleries, digital transformation, art fairs, collectors.
The reasons for the demise of Liberty Europe
The article explores the reasons behind the collapse of liberal Europe in the 20th century, arguing that it was a necessary consequence of the core conflict between imperialism and social democracy. Imperialism undermined the foundations of social democracy by prioritizing expansion and war, leading to economic competition and irreconcilable conflicts among European nations. This competition eroded social democratic institutions, intensified the conflict between socialism and capitalism, and ultimately led to the demise of European democracy. The rise of fascism became an inevitable outcome as it offered a third option in the conflict between imperialism and socialism, appealing to those disillusioned with democracy and freedom. The article concludes that the demise of liberal Europe was due to the conflict between imperialism and socialism, which shattered the traditional democratic framework and led to the rise of fascism.
Socialism, Fascism, Imperialism, Colonialism, The end of democracy.
Safeguarding and Governing Intellectual Property Rights in the Context of Multinational Enterprises
In today’s rapidly evolving global economy, the protection and enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) have become critical components for the success of businesses, particularly for Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). IPR encompasses a range of legal protections designed to safeguard innovations, brands, and creative works, thereby fostering an environment conducive to creativity and economic growth. As MNEs operate across diverse jurisdictions, the importance of understanding and navigating the complex landscape of IPR cannot be overstated. This essay aims to explore the intricate relationship between IPR and MNEs, highlighting the challenges these enterprises face in protecting their intellectual assets in a cross-border context. By examining the legal frameworks, regulatory mechanisms, and effective strategies for IPR protection, this analysis will provide valuable insights into how MNEs can navigate the multifaceted issues surrounding intellectual property. Ultimately, this essay posits that a robust understanding and implementation of IPR not only enhances the competitive edge of MNEs but also contributes to global innovation and economic development.
Intellectual Property Rights, Multinational Enterprise, Legal Governence, Global Innovation, Cross-border Protection.
An Analysis of the Awakening of Female Consciousness in Lady Sapphire's Diary: Taking Hofstede's Theory of Cultural Dimensions as a Perspective
Ancient Chinese feudal society was a society with a large power distance, and a highly centralized and centralized power system was practiced throughout the ages. Under the influence of feudal authoritarianism and the concept of “great unity”, ancient Chinese society had a large power distance, strong collectivism, and a prominent masculine temperament. Women have long been bound by feudal authoritarianism and adapted to the gender division of labor in the male-dominated society, and female consciousness has not yet awakened. However, during the May 4th period, the power distance showed a trend of narrowing, and the index of individualism gradually increased, the masculine and feminine temperament tended to moderate, and the bud of female consciousness began to awaken. From the perspective of Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions, this paper will try to analyze the background of the emergence of “free love” works under the ideology of personality liberation in the May Fourth period, and take Ding Ling's diary novel Lady Sapphire's Diary as an example, adopt the research method of textual analysis, and analyze and explore the awakening of women's consciousness from two perspectives, namely, the distance of power and the difference between individualism and collectivism, in the theory of Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions, focusing on specific textual contents. We use textual analysis to analyze and explore the awakening of women's consciousness from the perspectives of Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions, power distance, individualism, and collectivism, and from the perspective of specific textual contents.
Lady Sapphire's Diary, Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions, female awakening, freedom.
Inquiry of forms: “( )is big” and “the concept of ‘( ) is big’”
Plato’s Parmenides explores complex discussions about forms, which have puzzled scholars for many years. The topic of how items might possess similar qualities, such "bigness," is one of the main concerns. If something assumes the shape of "bigness," something else will adopt the form of smallness. But what if a lot of things share "bigness"? Nothing can have two conflicting features from an ontological standpoint, therefore why do things seem "smaller" in comparison? Using Frege's philosophical theory, this essay will examine the form of "bigness" in Parmenides and elucidate its essence. This paper will specifically differentiate between the concepts of "( )is big" and "( )'is big."It is possible for anything to be large without completely expressing "the concept of '( ) is big.'"(For example, the shape of largeness). In conclusion, this paper will demonstrate that the question of embodying “bigness” can be resolved by differentiating concepts from proper names.
AI-Enabled New Thinking in Student Classroom Management: Taking the Labor Education and Practice Course at Chengdu Neusoft University as An Example
In the context of the new era, labor education has become an increasingly important approach for cultivating students' all-around development in morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor skills, attracting more attention from educators. Chengdu Neusoft University actively responds to the national call for comprehensively strengthening labor education in primary, secondary, and higher education institutions in the new era. By leveraging AI technology, it innovates new thinking in student classroom management, particularly applying AI technology to labor education and practice courses, achieving remarkable results. Through literature review and theoretical framework construction, this paper analyzes the current application status of AI technology in the field of education and its implications for labor education. This includes personalized learning path design, intelligent attendance and behavior analysis, interactive learning experiences, real-time feedback and intervention, teacher decision support, and dynamic adjustment of course content. By conducting an in-depth analysis of the "Labor Month" themed educational activities at Chengdu Neusoft University, this article demonstrates the practical application of AI technology in labor education and practice courses. This includes how to use AI tools for student assessment, customize personalized learning plans, automatically generate and grade assignments, and provide immediate feedback. The new thinking in student classroom management empowered by AI can effectively enhance the effectiveness and quality of labor education, providing strong support for cultivating socialist builders and successors who are well-rounded in morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor skills. In the future, as AI technology continues to develop and improve, its application prospects in the field of education will be even broader.
AI Empowerment; Classroom Management; Labor Education; Practical Courses.
Exploration of the Gig Economy Market, Challenges and Countermeasures
The purpose of this paper is to deeply explore the development trend of the new gig economy based on the digital technology platform as a bridge at a time when Internet technology is changing rapidly and the pace of market change is accelerating. Through a comprehensive survey of the gig economy market, this paper find that although the rise of this economic model has brought unprecedented vitality and flexibility to the labor market, it has also caused a series of profound changes and severe challenges, such as the increase of wage and income uncertainty and the insufficient coverage of the social security system. In the face of these complex problems, it is urgent for the government and enterprises to work together and take effective measures to ensure the healthy development of the gig economy and fully safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of gig workers. Based on this, this paper puts forward a series of suggestions and countermeasures aimed at helping the government and enterprises jointly promote the gig economy to a more stable and sustainable development path, and realize the dual improvement of economic benefits and social equity.
Gig economy; digital gig; part-time job; freelancing.
The Influence of Aging Population on Labor Cost -- An Analysis from The Perspective of Labor Demand
Globally, the phenomenon of population aging has become a significant trend. This article starts from the view of labor demand and sorts out the impact mechanism of aging population on labor costs. This article summarizes previous research from three aspects: labor productivity, consumption structure and technological advancement, and explores the impact of population aging. Research has found that aging will reduce business productivity due to the degradation of physical functions and the inability of older people to adapt to new technologies. Secondly, aging has also had a significant impact on social consumption structure, especially increasing the level of consumption in medical care. However, this trend has also resulted in a substantial increase in government medical expenditures, which may have a suppressive effect on the overall national income and consumption level of society in the future. Finally, populating aging has also hindered technological progress to a certain extent and slowed down the speed of technological innovation and development. This article provides a reference at the subdivision level for exploring how populating aging influence the cost of labor on the labor demand side.
Populating aging; labor market; labor cost.
The Role of Virtue Epistemology in Resolving Internal-External Debates Taking the Sosa Virtue Perspective as an Example
In the development of contemporary epistemology, the evolving research focus of virtue epistemology has shifted towards the rational virtue that generates knowledge, thereby deepening our understanding of the essence of knowledge. Sosa's moral perspective is particularly prominent, skillfully blending the essence of internalism and externalism. Sosa not only retained the emphasis of internalism on the "controllability" of the internal state of the knower, but also absorbed the viewpoint of externalism that emphasizes the close connection between knowledge and the external world. This dual perspective of internal and external cultivation not only enhances the inclusiveness of its theory, but also significantly improves its ability to explain complex knowledge phenomena, opening up new avenues for resolving the long-standing internal and external disputes. Furthermore, Sosa's holistic approach fosters a comprehensive view of epistemic virtue, seamlessly integrating personal introspection with environmental interaction, thereby enriching contemporary debates and fostering a deeper, more nuanced understanding of knowledge acquisition.
Epistemology, Debate between internalism and externalism, Moralepistemology, Ernest Sosa.
The Etiology and Treatments of Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review
Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is considered a very complex mental health disorder influenced by different genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors. Neurobiologically, abnormalities in brain regions within the prefrontal cortex and limbic system contribute to difficulties in emotional regulation and empathy. The environmental factor easily predisposing them to it comes in the form of childhood trauma or over-spoiling by parents. NPD is often comorbid with other personality disorders, such as borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder, which makes the diagnosis even more complex. The treatments of NPD include psychodynamic therapy, in particular, transference-focused psychotherapy, cognitive-behavior techniques such as schema therapy, and the newest, which includes mentalization-based treatment. There also is the enormous challenge of engaging patients with NPD in therapy, given the typical features of resistance, such as grandiosity and ignorance of the true self. Because of this, future research on NPD, especially early intervention and elaboration, has become the expected and focused direction.
Narcissistic personality disorder, etiology, treatments, psychodynamic therapy, transference-focused psychotherapy.
Research On the Reform of The Cultivation Paths of Social-Emotional Competencies of Adolescents in The New Era
In the context of modern society, social-emotional competencies have become a major component of the core competitiveness of adolescents and will have an impact on their future growth, development, and mental health. For education practitioners, it is necessary to clarify the new requirements and challenges in the cultivation of social-emotional competencies of adolescents in the new era based on a correct understanding of the connotations and importance of social-emotional competencies, and then formulate corresponding cultivation paths. In the following text, the author analyzes the difficulties in the cultivation of social-emotional competencies of adolescent students in the new era, conducts analysis and demonstration on related issues, and proposes corresponding cultivation paths of social-emotional competencies, hoping to promote the all-round development of adolescent students.
adolescent students; social-emotional competencies; cultivation paths; innovative reform.
The Impact of Internet Slang on Social Power Structures: An Analysis Through Foucault's Theory
Internet slang makes communication faster and easier. Many groups, especially the young use it frequently in online communication. With the development of internet slang, people can find that internet slang may become an effective tool for marginalized groups to promote their discourse power and the social power structures may be changed. This research examines the rise of internet slang and its effects on social power structures. Using Michel Foucault's theories of power and knowledge to analyze the relationship between internet slang and discourse power. It explores the rhetorical mechanisms of internet slang, particularly how language influences people’s emotions. Meanwhile, it also considers how social identities and authority are influenced by internet slang. By applying Foucault's theory, the paper explores these interactions in the context of power dynamics and the construction of knowledge. The findings are summarized in the conclusion, which offers perspectives for future research, solutions to study limitations, and emphasizes the significant role of internet slang in breaking the monopoly of discourse power that was controlled by authorities.
Internet Slang, discourse power, social power structures.
A Review of “Double Reduction” Policy and “Family Educational Anxiety”: relationship and the distraction of Policy
Educational burden and educational anxiety have been obsessed with Chinese families for an extended period. The Central Committee of Central China has further announced the “Double Reduction” policy to reduce the pressure on new generations and Chinese families. The policy has an unprecedented impact on all educational institutions, both public and outside tutoring institutions. Even though the policy is determined to relieve student pressure, the pressure remains. The ignorance of family education and the relationship between the policy and the inherent mindset of parents are essential factors dragging the policy down. The paper is dedicated to reviewing the existing contributions and analyzing how family factors are conducive to the policy. Focusing on the undergoing policy circumstances, lost sight of family education, and parental mindset of children’s life and grades.
“Double Reduction” Policy; Family Education; Family Educational Responsibilities; Chinese students.
Interpersonal Expectancy Effects and Stereotype Threats in Workplaces
This review study explores the effect of stereotype threats and interpersonal expectancy effects (self-fulfilling prophecy) in the workplace, which is a process when individuals realize they are being stereotyped, confirming behaviors will be shown unconsciously. The study specifically focuses research on gender, age, and race social groups by reviewing and analyzing empirical studies to show how these stereotype threats and interpersonal expectancy effects affect minorities, mental health, and workplace representation.
expectancy effects; stereotype threats; workplaces.
The Changing Trend of Self and Privacy Concept Under the Development of social media
This is an article that discusses the development of the concept of self-privacy in the new social media society. Through social situation and social examples, this article mainly discusses how social media and self-concept influence each other. I hope that readers can maintain a sober attitude for a long time to face the ever-changing media development through this article.
The Effects of Music Lessons on Social Skills Development for Children with Autism
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and restricted or repetitive behaviors. Children with ASD often struggle with social skills, which can significantly impact their ability to form relationships and function effectively in social settings. Recent research has increasingly highlighted music lessons as a promising intervention to improve social skills in children with ASD, as they provide a structured and engaging environment for social interaction and learning. This review synthesizes findings from existing studies published between 2010 and 2024, focusing on three key aspects: the effectiveness of various musical pedagogical approaches, the critical role of specially trained music educators in implementing these interventions, and the measurable outcomes in social skill development. The research shows that organized music education consistently leads to improvements in social communication, peer interaction, and the ability to recognize emotions in children with ASD. The results are talked about in terms of what they mean for educational practices and therapeutic interventions. Suggestions are also made for future studies that will help build more evidence for music-based interventions in autism spectrum disorders. This thorough literature review looks at the growing role of music education in helping kids with ASD learn how to get along with others.
Music education, social skills, autism spectrum disorder, music classroom.
The Influence of Music on Prosocial Behavior
Music is a universal part of human experience and has the power to affect individuals’ emotions, thoughts, and behavior. Recent studies indicate that music may also be able to promote prosocial behavior—those aimed at benefiting others, such as helping and cooperating. Specifically, music may alter emotional states, which in turn affects prosocial tendencies and behavior. While research on factors influencing prosocial behavior has extensively explored factors like empathy, moods, and situational factors, music’s impact has been underexamined. The current paper aims to aims to review six influential papers in the literature that have explored music’s effect on prosocial behavior. Studies show that uplifting or soothing music can increase helping behaviors, while annoying or disliked music may hinder them. Additionally, songs with prosocial lyrics can enhance empathy and foster cooperative behavior. Nonetheless, the relationship between music and prosocial actions is complex, with some studies reporting inconsistent or contradictory findings. Future research should examine how different types of music and emotions interact to influence prosocial behavior, accounting for contexts, cultural variations, and individual differences.
Music, prosocial behavior, prosocial lyrics, emotion.
A Study Review about Cultural and Social Dimensions of Implicit Attitudes
The research on implicit attitudes (IA) become more and more important in modern times. Researchers have more findings on the social and cultural dimensions of IA. However, a study that combines the social and cultural dimensions is rare. This study review combined six IA studies that separately focused on cultural and social dimensions to discuss their relationships. All the used studies are experimental research. All studies used questionnaires to measure explicit attitudes and the IAT test to collect IA. For children’s participants, researchers use oral questions and SI-IAT. Cultural backgrounds influence people’s IA. Diverse cultures lead people to prefer different behaviors or personalities in their IA. However, the influence of cultural background is not stable. Complex social environments cover the influence of culture on IA. Local social norms in closed social environments changed people’s IA from broad cultural backgrounds. Social distance (SD) acts differently with culture or social norms. There is a range of SD. Below or beyond it, both influence people’s IA toward diverse social groups. Self-awareness of IA is theoretically based on people’s self-appraisals of cultural and social backgrounds. However, there is evidence that people predict IA with simple mental associations. This provides new perspectives on future studies about social and cultural dimensions of IA.
Implicit attitudes, social norms, cultural differences.
Philosophical Thought in Ancient Chinese Mathematics-- A Study of Confucianism in The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art and Liu Hui’s Commentary
This paper examines the ontological and epistemological ideas found in The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art (Jiuzhang suanshu) and Liu Hui’s Commentary, clarifying the fundamental principle of "action precedes knowledge" in ancient Chinese mathematical thought from the perspective of the philosophy of mathematics. The study further compares this Chinese mode of thinking with Western mathematical ontology, focusing on methods explored in Liu Hui’s Commentary, such as the "Jinyou Rule" and Liu Hui’s π algorithm . These approaches are contrasted with Western methods, including Archimedes' "double reductio ad absurdum," to illuminate the unique role of "action precedes knowledge" within Chinese ontological philosophy. Through this comparison, the paper highlights the distinct philosophical foundations underlying Eastern and Western approaches to mathematics.
Liu Hui; The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art; Ontology of Mathematics; Chinese Philosophy of Mathematics; Confucianism.
Changes in Female Labor Supply, Fertility, and Employment Trends
Along with the changes of the times, there are different development trends in demographics, labor supply, and employment opportunities in various industries. The serious aging of the population, the lack of labor in the market, and the decline of the fertility rate have been social topics with serious impact. The female employment rate is also deeply related to it. However, the participation of women in various industries is closely related to their biological and social characteristics, which leads to different trends in the future development of each sector. Gender differences are unavoidable in the social selection process for employment, where family structure, aging population, socio-demographic structure, and salary distribution are all issues that cannot be ignored. On the other hand, the decline of the fertility rate and the female employment rate are closely related, and this relationship will have a profound impact on labor productivity, consumption, industry, and the demographic structure of society.
Female employment supply, labor market, fertility rate, industrial differentiation.