Research on the Sex Ratio Variation of Sea Lampreys and Its Ecological Impact Based on the Lotka-Volterra Competition Model

Abstract

Changes in sex ratio are a common adaptive phenomenon in biodiversity-rich ecosystems, which is reflected in many species, and the adjustment of the sex ratio of sea lampreys reflects its response to resource constraints and is critical for maintaining ecosystem stability. In this study, the population of sea lampreys was taken as an example, and the Lotka-Volterra competition model was used to explore the changes in the sex ratio of sea lampreys with environmental resource conditions. We found that the sex ratio of sea lampreys could reach 78% of the total population in an environment with a low food supply rate. In environments where food is more readily available, males make up about 56% of the population, which means that the population size of sea lampreys can have a significant impact on the changes in the population of competing species, affecting the time of extinction of the species and the population size in the early competition. Finally, we explore the ecological effects of sex ratio and resource availability.