Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences
Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences (AJMSS) is a peer-reviewed journal published by Darcy & Roy Press. The mission of the journal is to provide an academic forum for discussing the issues of management, social sciences across the world. All articles published are rigorously and fast reviewed meeting the Journal Quality standards.
The Narrowing of the Definition of the Crime of Helping Information Network Criminal Activities
Since the crime of helping information networks was established in 2015, criminal activities have played a significant role in combating the cybercrime chain. With the increased crackdown on cybercrime in recent years, the number of prosecutions for this crime has surged, exhibiting a serious trend of "pocketization" expansion. The core reasons for this lie in the dual generalization of the subjective and objective elements of the crime, the mechanical determination of serious circumstances, and the improper handling of concurrence elements. Drawing on the international experience of the US's "willful blindness" and "Hierarchical Voluntary Sentencing Guidelines" , and the UK's "culpability and harm matrix" and "authorized disclosure" exemption, this article argues for the need to reconstruct the determination of the elements of the crime of helping information network criminal activities .Regarding the subjective elements, it is necessary to narrow down "knowing" to explicit knowing and presumed knowing, and to raise the standard of proof for presumed knowing based on the "willful blindness" standard, and to construct a clear path to acquittal by referring to "authorized disclosure"; for the circumstances of the crime, adhere to the dual sentencing review, and replace the sole criterion of amount with a comprehensive evaluation; and clarify the boundaries of concurrence based on subjective standards.
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The Judicial Imposition of the “Knowing” Element in Cybercrime of Assisting in Information Transmission and the Reconstruction of Rules
With the development of the digital economy, the cybercrime of assisting information transmission (hereinafter referred to as “aiding crime”) has experienced an explosive growth, becoming a highly prevalent type of cybercrime. However, there are numerous difficulties in the judicial determination of the core constituent element “knowing” in this crime. In academia, there is disagreement over the determination of “knowing”, leading to three mainstream views: “clearly knowing”, “clearly knowing versus possibly knowing”, and “clearly knowing versus should know”. In judicial practice, issues arise such as inconsistent application standards, vague definitions in judicial interpretations, and difficulty in forming an evidence chain. Based on this, it should be clarified that “knowing” includes both “clearly knowing” and “should know”. At the same time, the rules for determining “knowing” should be reconstructed by improving laws and regulations, the boundaries of “comprehensive determination” should be delineated, and multiple fperpetrators such as the perpetrator's experience, the amount involved, and bank transactions should be comprehensively considered, persevering in the principle of unity between subjectivity and objectivity in the determination. For the fperpetrators mentioned above, those with the most significant influence are given higher weights to establish the weight hierarchy among different fperpetrators. This paper provides a reference for judicial authorities to standardize the application of the “aiding crime” to achieve a balance between crime and punishment.
Shadow Infrastructures and Youth Agency: K-Pop Fans in Beijing Universities under Institutional Restriction
With the strengthening of platform governance and content regulation, young people are reshaping the channels of cross-border cultural exchange. This paper studies how K-Pop fans at Beijing universities continue to be interested in South Korean popular culture after the main platforms for dissemination have been shut down. Based on the semi-structured interviews with the fifteen student followers and digital ethnography and textual scrutiny, it can be found that institutional constraints impact their daily media behaviour in the following ways. We find that the restriction is not easy to lift. Instead, it has reduced the public awareness of Korean media, made the forms of participation more formal, and raised the cost of accessing information; thus, fans have turned to other places instead of leaving. To maintain communication among themselves, the fans have built what is known as a "shadow infrastructure", which is an unofficial system organised by the fans that includes cloud storage, foreign platforms and geographically dispersed virtual groups, and this requires extra effort in terms of emotions, technology and management. These frameworks are not only temporary circumstances but also creative networks created by young people in the face of media restrictions. This idea has been applied to the study of fandom, platform analysis and transnational media to investigate the decentralized infrastructure supporting the spread of culture today.
The Nature Reorientation and Systematic Construction of the Collateral Consequences of Criminal Convictions
Collateral consequences arise from a criminal record and restrict or even deprive the offenders and their family members or relatives of specific rights or qualifications through legal or non-legal means. Against the criminal policy backdrop of expanding misdemeanor legislation and the gradual contraction of the felony structure, the institutional defects of collateral consequences have become increasingly prominent: overbroad application, indefinite duration, and weak correlation with the nature of the offense. Given the difference in nature between criminal law and collateral consequences, the legitimacy of the collateral consequences system lies in its purely preventive function as security measures. On this theoretical basis, the construction of the collateral consequences system should follow four fundamental principles: the principle of appropriateness requires distinguishing between intentional and negligent crimes; the principle of necessity restricts the content of collateral consequences to those substantially related to the offense; the principle of proportionality reasonably limits the duration of application; and the principle of individual criminal responsibility explicitly prohibits undue expansion of the scope of application to others. Meanwhile, it is necessary to establish a mechanism for expungement of misdemeanor records to avoid the hidden effects of collateral consequences. Specifically, the criteria for determining misdemeanors, the review period, and the responsible authorities should be clarified. In addition, to address the persistent social discrimination, measures from social assistance and restorative justice can be adopted to protect persons with criminal records. Only in this way can a dynamic balance between crime prevention and human rights protection be achieved, responding to the urgent need for reforming the misdemeanor governance system in the modernization of state governance.
On the Construction of China's Export Control Legal Framework from the Perspective of Legislative Path
The landscape of global competition has shifted dramatically. Export controls are no longer just trade policies; they've become a central piece in the strategic chess game major powers play to protect their tech edge and national security. China has fast-tracked the modernization of its export control laws. This paper walks through that legislative journey—from the early days of scattered administrative rules to the unified framework scholars see with the 2020 Export Control Law. It takes a close look at the nuts and bolts of the current system: the control lists, the rules around deemed exports, how licensing works, and the reach of these laws beyond China's borders. What this study finds is a system grappling with some tough nuts to crack: control lists that are spread out and slow to update, a glaring absence of clearly deemed export rules, and enforcement that doesn't always have the bite it needs. By looking at how controls play out in practice—with rare earths, high-performance drones, and nuclear materials—this paper suggests a path forward. That includes creating a single, unified list with clear codes, spelling out what counts as a deemed export, streamlining the licensing process, and refining how China hits back when other countries discriminate. The goal is to offer some grounded, forward-looking ideas for strengthening China's legal toolkit.
Empowering Mechanism, Practical Dilemmas and Optimization Strategies of Digital-Intelligent Technology in Government Low-Carbon Governance
Digital-intelligent technology provides crucial technical support for addressing government low-carbon governance dilemmas and improving regional low-carbon governance capacity. This paper systematically explores the empowering mechanism and practical dilemmas of digital-intelligent technology in low-carbon governance. The results indicate that digital-intelligent technology empowers government low-carbon governance in three core aspects: decision-making, process and governance mode. It transforms empirical and lagging governance decision-making into scientific prediction, fragmented decentralized governance into multi-subject collaborative co-governance, and extensive administrative management into refined precise governance. In practice, digital low-carbon governance is restricted by three prominent dilemmas: cognitive bias of technological omnipotence, misalignment between technology and institutional systems, and insufficient comprehensive capacity of diverse governance subjects. This paper proposes targeted optimization strategies to correct cognitive deviations, promote technology-institution collaborative adaptation and make up for multi-subject capacity deficiencies, aiming to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for improving government low-carbon governance efficiency.
Research on the Protection of the Interests of the Vulnerable in Foreign-Related Marital Relations
In foreign-related marital relations, the asymmetric interest structure formed due to cross-border settlement causes foreign parties to face significant rights and interests imbalances and be in a weak position due to multiple adverse effects such as social resources, legal cognition, and information acquisition. The current "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Application of Laws to Foreign-Related Civil Relations" only introduces the principle of protecting the weak in the inheritance and guardianship systems, ignoring the predicament of the weak in marital relations. It is better to introduce the principle of protecting the interests of the weak, emphasize that in foreign-related marital relations, the core rights of either party shall not be excluded under the pretext of autonomy of will, clarify the protection standards for the interests of the weak, recognize the hidden cost input of the weak, and at the same time clarify the judgment criteria in favor of the weak in adjudication, so as to realize the protection of the interests of the weak under limited autonomy of will.
A Cross-Disciplinary Study on the Legal Regulation of Food Safety and Food Nutrition under the Implementation of Online Catering Regulations
The Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Implementation of Primary Responsibility for Food Safety by Online Catering Service Providers (SAMR Order No. 123) officially took effect on June 1, 2026, marking a shift in the online catering industry in China toward systematic management. The Regulations, which focus on baseline food safety concerns such as verification of qualification, process control and prohibition of “ghost kitchens” also set an institutional basis for the joint governance of food nutrition. This paper analyses the institutional structure and regulatory rationale behind the new regulations, taking into account Article 150 of the Food Safety Law, which explicitly includes compliance with required nutrition standards as part of food safety. It also examines their strengths and weaknesses with respect to the regulation of food additives, prepared foods and nutrient information disclosure. This study shows that, while the Regulations mainly confirm the traditional safety standard of the food must be “non-toxic” and “non-hazardous”, the dimension of “nutritional adequacy” is still underdeveloped and largely subsidiary, particularly in the online catering sector. With the help of prepared dishes as a focal case, the paper argues that the lack of institutionalization of compulsory disclosure of nutritional information constitutes a major institutional gap. Based on the regulatory rationale for the compulsory “delivery-only” labelling, the paper recommends that compulsory disclosure of prepared dishes should be included in the current regulatory system, as it is a necessary measure for ensuring consumers' right to know and right to choose. Finally, the paper proposes an integrated governance approach which integrates nutritional protection with the food safety regulation, including better information transparency mechanisms, revision of the food safety law to concentrate nutrition-related obligations, creation of third party verification systems and greater participation of consumers in nutrition-related social supervision.
Review and Optimization Strategies of Local Health Impact Assessment Legislation under the Perspective of "Health in All Policies"
Against the backdrop of the comprehensive implementation of "Health in All Policies", the health impact assessment system has emerged. Guided by the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the Basic Law on Health Promotion and Basic Medical and Health Services of the People's Republic of China, local legislation has been actively exploring and practicing, achieving notable results in procedural assessment norms, interdepartmental coordination mechanisms, and the application of assessment results. However, due to the insufficiency of higher-level legal basis, there are still deficiencies in these areas that need to be improved. Therefore, this paper proposes legislative suggestions for optimizing local health impact assessment in four aspects: improving the legal system for health impact assessment, establishing a full-chain closed-loop assessment mechanism, enhancing cross-departmental governance capabilities, and strengthening the rigid constraints of assessment results, aiming to lay a solid legal foundation for the implementation of "Health in All Policies".
Judgment and Identification of Criminal Subjects in Generative Artificial Intelligence
In the era of artificial intelligence (AI) sweeping across the globe, AI-related crimes have sparked a debate over whether AI entities can be eligible subjects of criminal liability and how to determine the subject of the crime. Previous relevant studies have faced issues such as unclear standards for concept definition, ambiguous boundaries between objective attributes and normative evaluations, and complexity, which not only triggered disputes over standards and viewpoints but also easily led to the uncertainty of conclusions. Based on the elaboration of the essential attributes of artificial intelligence, this article will analyze the specific difficulties in identifying the subject of criminal responsibility, such as the difficulty in recognizing the subject and applying the constitutive elements of crime. It will seek specific identification and imputation paths for the subject of criminal responsibility of artificial intelligence, such as clarifying the scope of the responsible subject in judicial practice, constructing a hierarchical imputation framework, or adjusting the constitutive elements of crime to meet the requirements of technological development. Furthermore, it will draw on legislative experience from outside the region to improve some gaps in China's prevention and punishment of artificial intelligence crimes.
The Dilemma and Path Optimization of Criminal Law Regulation for Generative Artificial Intelligence Deep Forgery
The rapid development and inclusion of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology have greatly reduced the threshold of deep forgery production. Its abuse has posed multidimensional and deep-seated harm to civil rights, social order and even national security. The intervention of criminal law has become inevitable and urgent. In judicial practice, the application of charges is diversified and inconsistent. Due to the lack of distinction between the essence of deep forgery, the application of law is fragmented, which leads to differences in the standards of conviction and sentencing, and different judgments in the same case. At the same time, the existing provisions of criminal law have significant limitations, which are reflected in the obvious application obstacles and legislative lag when dealing with the problem of deep forgery of generative AI. In view of the above problems, the article proposes to optimize the path of criminal law regulation from the two aspects of legislation and justice, expand the interpretation of charges in legislation, unify the judgment standards in justice, and improve the regulation efficiency. Through the above means, people can enhance the credibility and effectiveness of criminal law regulation and build a deep counterfeiting criminal law response system in the era of generative AI.
Challenges and Approaches to Anti-Money Laundering Assessment of Digital Renminbi from the Perspectives of Controlled Anonymity and Cross-Border Payments
The centralized digital currency that belongs to the People's Republic of China, which people call e-CNY, in its own nature brings up complicated thinking points for the obeying of laws that have the goal of stopping the unlawful moving of money. The present study inspects two main aspects: firstly, its structure of supervised transaction secrecy, and secondly, the influences of its application in international payments. When carry out the evaluation of whether the platform follows AML protocols, people must handle the two-side character of its designed privacy, which requires traceability for official organs while allowing users to keep pseudonym names, therefore it creates a new environment for regulation supervision that is different from traditional cash or completely anonymous digital property. At the same time, the function of cross-border payments brings extra levels of jurisdictional and monitoring complication, because transactions can go around current financial tracking systems, hence requiring the building of new international cooperation mechanisms and interoperable supervision technology. Therefore, hence a comprehensive strategy must be formulated, which integrates adaptive regulative technology, amended legal definitions for digital sovereign currency, and proactive participation in making global standards for the management of this kind of financial instruments.
The Determination of Punitive Compensation Base for copyright Infringement
Accurate determination of the compensation base is the key to bringing the punitive compensation system into play. However, in judicial practice, the three legal bases of the actual loss of the obligee, the infringement profit of the infringer and the right licensing fee are all faced with the problem of difficult proof. At present, the calculation of the punitive damages base has been widely discussed, but the research on how to improve the use rate of the legal base to calculate the amount of compensation is still insufficient. This paper analyzes the high burden of proof faced by the obligee in selecting the legal base. Based on this, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: Firstly, the proof standard of presumption and "probability predominance" is adopted to reduce the burden of proof of the obligee. Secondly, improve the applicability of reasonable licensing fees and clarify the quantitative standards. Finally, the agreed compensation is used to calculate the amount of compensation when the actual loss and infringement profit cannot be calculated directly.
Qualitative Analysis of Criminal Characterization on Assisting in Crimes and Gaining Profits Therefrom
To effectively regulate, accurately penalize and systematically prevent assist cybercrimes, Article 287-2 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, which defines the offense of aiding cybercriminal activities, has been specifically established in China's Criminal Code. This paper aims to conduct a systematic comparative analysis and jurisprudential discussion on the offense of aiding cybercriminal activities in China's legal system, and the equivalent aiding cybercrime offenses established in major extraterritorial jurisdictions, including the United States, Germany and Japan. This study combines a series of typical specific cases in China's judicial practice in recent years, and carries out in-depth classification and empirical research on this category of crime with "provision of technical support, payment and settlement assistance" and "acquisition of illegal proceeds" as its core characteristics. Through the aforementioned multi-dimensional comparative analysis and case dissection, this study attempts to draw conclusions with both theoretical and practical value on the delimitation of boundaries between the offense of aiding cybercriminal activities and other equivalent aiding offenses involving illegal proceeds, in terms of constitutive elements, incrimination standards and judicial identification. Ultimately, the "aiding act + illicit gain" offenses are classified into three categories: "instrumental" aiding, cooperative aiding and post-offense aiding, and the proposed perspective is substantiated with specific case examples.
The Copyrightability of Artificial Intelligence Products
In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the definition of copyright rights has also been exposed, which has attracted widespread attention from all walks of life. As far as the existing research is concerned, the number of relevant studies on the copyright of artificial intelligence products is growing rapidly, the research content is also deepening, and the overall development trend is improving. However, it should be recognized that the existing research still has a vague boundary for the definition of its nature, and the relevant supporting legal system is not yet perfect. Therefore, this paper systematically examines the issues related to the copyrightability of AI products in the copyright law. This paper concludes that the copyright of artificial intelligence products should be defined by the core contribution of human beings, always adhere to the principle of the subject-object dichotomy, and curb reform based on the original judicial framework. Based on this, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: while continuously promoting the innovation of theory and system, further refining the definition standard, constantly improving the legislative and judicial construction, actively responding to the internationalization trend and actively giving the Chinese plan.
Analysis of Challenges and Compliance Pathways for China's Data Regulation in Alignment with RCEP Data Flow Rules
With the rapid development of the digital economy, cross-border data flows have become a central issue in global economic and trade competition. The study utilizes the Security Exceptions Clause of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and China's Data Outflow Security Assessment System as entry points, examining the challenges and compliance pathways associated with flow regulations. Core issues. The study finds that there are two dilemmas in aligning China’s data regulations with RCEP rules. At the regulatory level, RCEP is based on the principle of free movement with security as an exception, while China prioritizes security and constrains free movement through evaluation. At the institutional level, issues such as unclear scope of "important data", lack of facilitation mechanisms, and insufficient regulatory coordination have resulted in high compliance costs for enterprises. In response to these issues, the national level should promote consensus on the interpretation of RCEP security exception clauses, clarify the leading department for data export, and improve the directory of “important data”. At the enterprise level, it is necessary to establish an internal compliance system, strengthen communication with regulatory authorities, and proactively apply for compliance certification. This study aims to provide a theoretical reference and practical guidance for enhancing the regulation of cross-border data flow in China and supporting enterprises in participating in international competition in compliance.
The Impact of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms and China's Response Strategies
The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is a core tool of the European Union in advancing climate governance. However, CBAM fundamentally conflicts with the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR-RC)" and the national treatment principle of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in its institutional design, quoting the exception clause of Article 20 of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) also faces strict tests of "necessity" and "proportionality". For China, the short-term trade impact of CBAM is limited, but in the medium to long term, it will exacerbate export costs and pressure for industrial transformation; at the industrial level, it may not only force green innovation in high carbon industries, but also trigger the reverse effect of small and medium-sized enterprises exiting and carbon leakage. Therefore, China should respond systematically from three levels: multilateral, bilateral, and domestic. Collaborating with developing countries at the border level to strive for fair rules and promote the institutionalization of CBDR-RC principles; strive for carbon price deduction, mutual recognition of accounting standards, and equivalent exemptions at the bilateral level; improve the carbon pricing system at the domestic level and accelerate the green transformation of industries. The strategic framework of internal and external collaboration helps China safeguard its development rights and interests in the climate trade game.
Normal Value, Significant Distortions, and the Limits of Cost Adjustment under the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement
State intervention and industrial policies are standing out as the global trade system changes. Anti-dumping measures have shifted from their original role of fixing price discrimination to being an important tool for international competition. This paper examines the European Union's significant distortions approach, focusing on the practice of replacing the actual costs recorded in the exporting country with surrogate costs when constructing normal value, and evaluates whether that practice is consistent with the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement. The paper first clarifies the meaning of normal value under the Anti-Dumping Agreement. It then explains how the European Union reformulated the basis of normal value after the expiry of Article 15(a)(ii) of China's WTO Accession Protocol through the significant distortions framework. It next identifies three main WTO law constraints on investigative discretion. On that basis, the paper argues that current EU practice often seeks to eliminate, rather than reflect, market distortions. The paper concludes that anti-dumping rules should remain focused on harmful dumping and should not be used as a broader instrument for reshaping other economies.
The Paradox of Protection and Governance: Structural Contradictions between Criminal Justice and Immigration Enforcement in Anti-Trafficking
Although the international framework identifies human trafficking as a serious felony and requires the protection of victims, there is still a general gap in practice: victims are often mistakenly identified as undocumented migrants, offenders or unreliable witnesses. This ontological inconsistency represents a profound institutional dilemma, not just a cognitive bias. This study discusses the structural contradictions between criminal justice and immigration law enforcement in anti-human trafficking governance. Through a critical assessment of the international legal framework and institutional practises, this study has found anomalies in policy implementation, especially why victims are often classified as illegal immigrants. It also explores how the logic of administrative law enforcement violates human rights and turns existing aid mechanisms into sources of secondary victimization. Research results show that conflicting institutional goals often push victims to the criminal justice system instead of providing asylum, which leads to the process of pursuing justice inadvertently causing more trauma. In addition, the current relief system has obvious conditional characteristics, that is, the premise of providing protection is that the victim is considered to have a certain value in criminal proceedings. This system stems from the conflict between border security priorities and individual rights, and this structural paradox calls for a paradigm shift. Finally, this article advocates narrowing the gap between international human rights norms and national practises and calls for the decoupling of social assistance from criminal cooperation in order to establish a more humane and efficient anti-human trafficking mechanism.
The Boundary of "Knowing" in the Crime of Assisting Information Network Criminal Activities
In recent years, the number of cases of aiding and abetting information network crimes (hereinafter referred to as "aiding and abetting crimes") has increased, the groups involved have gradually expanded, and criminal behavior has shown a trend of universalization. One of the core elements in the determination of the crime of aiding and abetting is the rule for determining knowledge in the crime of aiding and abetting. Nowadays, there is a problem of expanding the application of "presumed knowledge" in judicial practice. In addition, "knowledge" itself has complex characteristics such as indirectness, unidirectionality, and predictability, which makes it difficult to prove subjective elements and prone to the risk of objective attribution and "different judgments in the same case". This article points out that the reasonable definition of the boundary of "knowing" should be based on the principle of modesty in criminal law, strictly distinguishing between civil violations and criminal illegality, and through the introduction of typological situational judgment standards, combined with the specific cognitive abilities and behavioral scenarios of the perpetrator for evaluation, strictly regulating the application of criminal presumptions, clearly distinguishing between factual presumptions and legal presumptions, and fully safeguarding the defendant's right to refute, preventing the erroneous upgrade of "should know but did not know" to "knowing", and constructing a comprehensive identification system that unifies subjective and objective factors.
Analysis and Prevention of the Drawbacks of Artificial Intelligence Deep Faking Technology
The rapid development of artificial intelligence has led to the emergence of deepfake technology in a way that “foils reality”, making it visible to the public. Research has shown that the abuse of deepfake technology is undermining the social trust structure and the authenticity of information dissemination, and is highly likely to lead to risks such as fraud and infringement of reputation rights. Moreover, it also has problems such as ambiguous liability determination and difficulty in tracing the source. In response to this, it is necessary to establish a complete legal framework, such as defining the liability entities for the abuse of this technology and the issue of sentencing, enhancing the proactive defense capabilities of the technology, establishing comprehensive and real-time monitoring technologies through multi-party cooperation, and promoting social collaborative governance to enhance the awareness of prevention among the general public. While curbing the development of technology, people should also reserve space for its beneficial applications, promote the development of deepfake technology within the bounds of legality and compliance, and maintain social stability and protect public interests.
On the Generalization of the Determination of "Knowing" in Crimes of Concealment and Its Rectification in the Internet Era
With the in-depth development of information network technology, criminal activities have undergone a transformation towards networking, and the application of the crime of concealing and covering up has expanded sharply in the internet era. However, in judicial practice, the determination of the core element "knowing" of this offense has shifted from "comprehensive assessment" to a trend of "simple presumption," leading to widespread controversy among both theoretical and practical circles. This paper, against the backdrop of the judicial application of money laundering crimes in the internet era, systematically examines the specific manifestations, underlying causes, and corrective measures of the generalized interpretation of "knowing." It proposes the construction of a systematic "concept-rules-institution" framework: Shift towards conservative and restrained judicial stance, strictly implement the principle of doubt favoring the defendant. Clarify the difference between the crime of concealment and the crime of aiding and abetting in the recognition rules, strictly establish the threshold and comprehensive review procedures. Through measures such as refining judicial interpretations, issuing guidance cases, and strengthening training for judicial personnel, people ensure the standardization and uniformity of the identification process in terms of institutional safeguards. Research suggests that only by adhering to the principle of unity of subjectivity and objectivity, and achieving refined and hierarchical identification, can people achieve a legal balance between effectively combating cybercrime and safeguarding citizens' rights.
Implementation Effects of Vietnam’s 2025 Constitutional Amendments: Local Government Restructuring and Border Trade Operations
Vietnam introduced constitutional changes in 2025 to reconstruct the local government system, introducing a two-tier framework of provincial coordination and local implementation. To illustrate how constitutional changes turn into constitutional governance operations, this paper introduces a framework of norm integration, authority reallocation, and procedural front-loading. Based on the border checkpoint cases and monthly trade data between China and Vietnam, it reveals that the impact of reform is to be manifested in a gradual and progressive manner, with the initial volatility and then stabilization in high-coordination settings but not the immediate improvement of performance.
Research and Practice on the “Four-Dimensional Innovation” Model for Cultivating Design Talents in the Context of Hainan International Design Island
Against the backdrop of constructing Hainan International Design Island, this paper investigates the “Four-Dimensional Innovation” model and its practical reform in cultivating design talents at Hainan Tropical Ocean University. The model advances teaching reform for design majors through four dimensions—concept innovation, curriculum innovation, mechanism innovation, and evaluation innovation—by integrating industry-university-research-application collaboration, university-enterprise cooperation, academic competition integration, and research‑backed teaching. Taking the Information Design course as a practical vehicle, the study introduces real‑world corporate projects, restructures course content and teaching methods, establishes a “course‑competition integration” mechanism, and transforms research outcomes into teaching cases, thereby forming an integrated implementation path of “industry linkage, pedagogical innovation, competition empowerment, and research feedback.” Practice shows that the “Four-Dimensional Innovation” model effectively promotes the construction of design curricula, optimizes teaching content and processes, significantly enhances students’ practical innovation ability and international competitiveness, and meets the talent development needs of local Hainan enterprises under the International Design Island initiative.
A Literature Review on the Impact of Digital Hindrance Stressors on Employees' Psychological Need Satisfaction
The digital economy is taking off at an astonishing speed, and against this backdrop, digital transformation has become a key force propelling enterprises toward high-quality growth. This wave of change opens up exciting new opportunities for businesses, yet it also places heavy new demands on their workforce. In today's workplaces, digital tools are everywhere, and employees often find themselves wrestling with what we call digital hindrance stressors as they go about their daily tasks. These stressors include things like being overwhelmed by too much technology, having their workflow constantly interrupted, or feeling that the digital tools they have to use just aren't effective. Essentially, these are pressures that stem from using digital technology on the job, and they tend to take a toll on people's psychological well-being and their overall satisfaction with work. That said, the existing literature hasn't really dug deep into how these particular stressors relate to employees' basic psychological needs being met. Given that these digitally-induced pressures can stir up a fair bit of trouble, Therefore, against the backdrop of digital transformation, this study systematically examines the relationship between digital hindrance stressors and the fulfillment of employees’ basic psychological needs.
Innovative Regeneration of Rural Public Spaces and Community Vitality Enhancement Driven by AIGC Technology: A Case Study of Guojia Ci Public Spaces
In the context of China's ongoing rural revitalization strategy, rural public spaces—critical arenas for community interaction, cultural heritage, and recreation—confront significant challenges, including functional homogeneity and diminished vitality during spatial regeneration. The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) technologies has unlocked novel methodological avenues for rural spatial regeneration, extending the frontier of design innovation.This study aims to construct and validate an AIGC-assisted design process for rural public spaces. By integrating literature reviews, case studies, and technical evaluations of tools such as Stable Diffusion and Midjourney, a methodological framework was established. Subsequently, using the public space of Guojia Ci Village in Chengdu’s Eastern New District as a case study, this framework was applied to a comprehensive practical process—encompassing site analysis, intelligent scheme generation, and community co-creation—to test its application methods and implementation pathways. The study advances three strategic interventions: temporal-spatial resilient layouts, multisensory immersive landscapes, and cultural IP development. These strategies coalesce into a human–machine collaborative design paradigm underpinned by AIGC technologies and oriented toward community participation. The results indicate that AIGC technology can effectively enhance design efficiency and creative diversity, strengthen villagers’ sense of participation and belonging in spatial renewal, and promote the contemporary expression and inheritance of local culture.
Legal Regulation of National Security Protection in the Low-Altitude Economic Format from the Criminal Law Perspective
The present era witnesses the vigorous development of the low-altitude economy. As an emerging phenomenon, the low-altitude economy inevitably has certain practical defects and deficiencies, which are likely to cause harm to national security in practice. Due to its nature as a new thing, insufficient discussions have been conducted in current research, and existing papers mostly focus on the impact of the low-altitude economy on individuals' private rights, while to a certain extent neglecting its impact on national public interests and the corresponding regulatory issues. In the author's opinion, the impact of low-altitude economic activities on national economic, social, military security and other aspects must be incorporated into the consideration of criminal law. Criminal law should carry out normative and innovative legislation and practical operations based on factors such as the degree of excess and specific conditions of low-altitude economic acts. This research topic is closely related to the national economy and people's livelihood, affects national development, conforms to the development trend of criminal law in the present era, and is in urgent need of in-depth discussion. This paper mainly discusses the maintenance and regulation of criminal law in the field of national economic security related to the low-altitude economy.
Research on the Optimization of Modernization Paths for Border Governance
Border governance modernization is an important component of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities, and it is also an inevitable requirement for stabilizing and fortifying the borders, and promoting prosperity and well-being for the people along the borders. China has a long border line and is adjacent to many countries, with frequent cross-border personnel and cultural exchanges. The governance scenarios are complex and diverse. Promoting the process of border governance modernization is of vital importance. Currently, China's border governance has achieved remarkable results in areas such as border security, ecological construction, and improvement of people's livelihoods. However, there are still prominent problems such as the absence of a cross-border marriage governance mechanism, a low level of industrial structure, and border emptiness, which restrict the further improvement of governance levels. This article, based on the requirements of development in the new era, systematically analyzes the theoretical connotation and practical challenges of border governance modernization, combines the actual development of border areas, and proposes optimization countermeasures from the aspects of system improvement, industrial upgrading, and population aggregation. The aim is to solve governance difficulties through bilateral collaboration, cultivate diversified characteristic industries, improve policies for attracting and retaining talents, and establish a diversified co-governance system, in order to break through governance obstacles, promote the improvement and efficiency enhancement of border governance, strengthen the national security barrier, and promote the prosperity and stability of border areas.
Research on the Financial Performance of San li Pharmaceutical's Consecutive Mergers and Acquisitions from the Perspective of EVA
The pharmaceutical industry is closely related to People's Daily lives. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic and an aging population, the number of domestic pharmaceutical companies has been increasing, and top foreign pharmaceutical companies are also accelerating their layout in the Chinese market. The competition among enterprises is becoming increasingly fierce. For domestic pharmaceutical companies to gain a foothold in the fierce competition of the pharmaceutical industry, implementing continuous mergers and acquisitions is a better strategic approach. This article selects Guizhou Sanli Pharmaceutical Co., LTD. (hereinafter referred to as:) Taking Sanli Pharmaceutical as the subject of study, considering the company's continuous mergers and acquisitions in the past three years (2022- 2024), based on the EVA perspective and traditional financial indicators, through longitudinal and transverse comparative analysis of the company' s financial performance before and after the mergers and acquisitions, it is concluded that continuous mergers and acquisitions have made a positive contribution to EVA's growth. However, the company's profitability, debt-paying ability and operational capacity declined after the merger, and the short-term integration pressure led to a decline in traditional financial indicators. But in the long term, it can create value for the company. Based on this, the corresponding case insights are summarized to enrich the corresponding research field and provide experience and lessons for similar enterprises that want to implement continuous mergers.
Energy Carbon Emission Measurement and Influencing Factor Analysis - A Case Study of Ningxia Abstract
This study takes five prefecture-level cities in Ningxia—Yinchuan, Shizuishan, Wuzhong, Guyuan, and Zhongwei—as research subjects, using the emission factor method to calculate urban carbon emissions from 2011 to 2023. It analyzes the impacts of population size, economic development level, industrial structure, and other factors on carbon emissions, and explores key driving forces by integrating data on green finance, innovation indices, and urbanization. The findings indicate that carbon emissions in Ningxia exhibit significant spatial disparities, with high-emission areas concentrated in northern industrial cities, showing a "high north, low south" distribution pattern. Total carbon emissions have shown an upward trend, while emission intensity has continuously declined, indicating a gradual decoupling between economic growth and carbon emissions. Economic level, industrial structure, and energy consumption are the core drivers, while green finance and technological innovation demonstrate significant emission reduction effects. Urbanization shows an inverted "U"-shaped relationship with carbon emissions. Finally, the study proposes differentiated policy measures, region-specific controls for northern and southern areas, core-led initiatives, and ecological prioritization as pathways for emission reduction, offering strategic recommendations for pollution control and carbon mitigation in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region to achieve its dual carbon goals.