Study on the Influencing Factors on the Effectiveness of Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing Technology

Haifeng Wang

doi:10.54097/5xx3nr53

Authors

Haifeng Wang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54097/5xx3nr53

Keywords:

Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing; Low-permeability Reservoirs; Fracturing Effect; Influencing Factors.

Abstract

Liquid nitrogen fracturing technology is a new fracturing and permeability enhancement technology for reservoirs unsuitable for hydraulic fracturing, and its ultralow temperature, high compression ratio, high freezing and expansion force, and low viscosity characteristics are expected to provide a program for fracturing and permeability enhancement in low-permeability reservoirs. The paper systematically analyzes the influencing factors restricting the effect of liquid nitrogen fracturing, aiming to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient and environmentally friendly exploitation of low-permeability oil and gas fields.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Xu F, Hou W, Xiong X, et al. The status and development strategy of coalbed methane industry in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development. 2023, 50(4): 669-682.

Liu C, Zhu J, Che C, et al. Methodologies and results of the latest assessment of coalbed methane resources in China [J]. Natural Gas Industry. 2009, 29(11): 130-132.

Zhang Q, Feng S, Yang X. Basic reservoir characteristics and development strategy of coalbed methane resource in China [J]. Journal of China Coal Society. 2001, 26(3): 230-235.

Mu F, Zhong W, Zhao X, et al. Strategies for the development of CBM gas industry in China[J]. Natural Gas Industry. 2015, 35(6): 110-116.

Huang Z, Wei J, Li G, et al. An experimental study of tensile and compressive strength of rocks under cryogenic nitrogen freezing[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics. 2016, 37(3): 694-700, 834.

Mcdaniel B W, Grundmann S, Kendrick W, et al. Field applications of cryogenic nitrogen as a hydraulic fracturing fluid. Jpt Journal of Petroleum Technology 50.3 (1998): 38-39.

Grundmann S R, Rodvelt G D, Dials G A, et al. Cryogenic nitrogen as a hydraulic fracturing fluid in the devonian shale. Society of Petroleum Engineers 1998.

Li H, Liu J, Gao X, et al. Effect of cold loading by liquid nitrogen on damage of coal samples with varied joint angles and water saturation levels[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering. 2021, 39(2): 413.

Tian M, Zhang L, Xue J, et al. Study and prospection of liquid nitrogen fracturing coal technology[J]. Coal Science and Technology. 2022, 50(7): 191-198.

Yan M, Fan Y, Yue M, et al. Heat-mass transfer coupling effects in water-ice phase transformation of water-bearing coal frozen with liquid nitrogen[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2022, 215: 118902.

Wang Q. Experimental Study on liquid nitrogen Cracking of Coal[D]. Taiyuan University of Technology. 2018.

Zhai C, Wu S, Liu S, et al. Experimental study on coal pore structure deterioration under freeze–thaw cycles[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2017, 76(15): 1.

Li H, Wang L, Niu F, et al. Study on effect of freeze-thaw cycle with liquid nitrogen on crack extension of coal at different initial temperatures [J]. China Safety Science Journal. 2015, 25(10): 121-126.

Zhang C, Xu G, Yu Y, et al. Study on permeability-enhancing mathematical model of coal fracturing with borehole water injection and liquid nitrogen injection[J]. Coal Science and Technology. 2019, 47(1): 139-144.

Li H, Wang L, Zhang H, et al. Investigation on damage laws of loading coal samples under cyclic cooling treatment[J]. Journal of China Coal Society. 2017, 42(09): 2345-2352.

Cha M, Yin X, Kneafsey T, et al. Cryogenic fracturing for reservoir stimulation – Laboratory studies[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 2014, 124: 436-450.

Wang Q, Zhao D, Feng Z, et al. Experimental study on fracturing of coal by injection liquid nitrogen in drill based on CT scanning[J]. Coal Science and Technology. 2017, 45(04): 149-154.

Yan D. Experimental Study on the Effects of liquid nitrogen Freezing and Thawing Damage in Coal with Different Water Content[D]. China University of Mining and Technology. 2019.

Zhang C, Zhang H, Yu Yong, et al. Effects of saturation and re-submersion on coal fracturing subjected to liquid nitrogen shock[J]. Journal of China Coal Society. 2016, 41(z2): 400-406.

Wang S, Su S, Wang D, et al. Experimental study on fracture characteristics of coal due to liquid nitrogen fracturing [J]. Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment. 2023, 33: 100438.

Liu S, Li X, Wang D, et al. Mechanical and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Coal at Temperature Impact[J]. Natural Resources Research. 2020, 29(3): 1755-1772.

Zhang L, Lu S, Zhang C, et al. Effect of cyclic hot/cold shock treatment on the permeability characteristics of bituminous coal under different temperature gradients[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 2020, 75: 103121.

Cai C, Zou Z, Ren K, et al. Experimental study on the breakdown mechanism of high temperature granite induced by liquid nitrogen fracturing: An implication to geothermal reservoirs[J]. Heliyon. 2023, 9(8): e19257.

Lin H, Li B, Li S, et al. Numerical investigation of temperature distribution and thermal damage of heterogeneous coal under liquid nitrogen freezing[J]. Energy. 2023, 267: 126592.

Li H, Liu J, Wang L, et al. Effect of freeze-thaw cycles in liquid nitrogen on damage of coal samples with different initial temperatures[J]. Coal Engineering. 2023, 55(11): 142-147.

Yan M, Zhang Y, Lin H, et al. Effect on liquid nitrogen impregnation of pore damage characteristics of coal at different temperatures[J]. Journal of China Coal Society. 2020, 45(8): 2813-2823.

Li Y, Ren Z, Song D, et al. Selection Effect of liquid nitrogen Freeze–Thaw Cycles on Full Pore Size Distribution of Different Rank Coals[J]. ACS omega. 2023, 8(10): 9526-9538.

Walder J, Hallet B. A theoretical model of the fracture of rock during freezing[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 1985, 96(3): 336-346.

Haeberli W, Hallet B, Arenson L, et al. Mountain permafrost-research[J]. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. 2006, 17: 189-214.

Lai X, Zhang S, Dai J, et al. Multi-scale damage evolution characteristics of coal and rock under hydraulic coupling[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering. 2020, 39(S2): 3217-3228.

Zhang L, Tian M, Lu S, et al. Analysis of permeability variation and stress sensitivity of liquid nitrogen fracturing coal with different water contents[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics. 2022, 43(S1): 107-116.

Wang X, Qi X, Ma H, et al. Experimental study on freeze–thaw damage characteristics of coal samples of different moisture contents in liquid nitrogen[J]. Scientific reports. 2022, 12(1): 18543.

Li B, Zong C, Huang L, et al. Study on the Influence of liquid nitrogen Cold Soaking on the Temperature Variations and Seepage Characteristics of Coal Samples with Different Moisture Contents[J]. Geofluids. 2021, 2021: 1-10.

Li C, Nie B, Feng Z, et al. Experimental Study of the Influence of Moisture Content on the Pore Structure and Permeability of Anthracite Treated by liquid nitrogen Freeze–Thaw[J]. ACS Omega. 2022, 7(9): 7777-7790.

Qi X, Hou S, Ma H, et al. A Study of the Effect of Freeze–Thawing by liquid nitrogen on the Mechanical and Seepage Characteristics of Coal with Different Moisture Content Values[J]. Processes. 2023, 11(6): 1822.

Lin H, Li J, Yan M, et al. Damage caused by freeze‐thaw treatment with liquid nitrogen on pore and fracture structures in a water‐bearing coal mass[J]. Energy Science & Engineering. 2020, 8(5): 1667-1680.

Li B, Huang L, Lv X, et al. Study on temperature variation and pore structure evolution within coal under the effect of liquid nitrogen mass transfer[J]. ACS omega. 2021, 6(30): 19685-19694.

Cai C, Li G, Huang Z, et al. Rock pore structure damage due to freeze during liquid nitrogen fracturing [J]. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2014, 39(12): 9249-9257.

Cai C, Li G, Huang Z, et al. Experimental study of the effect of liquid nitrogen cooling on rock pore structure[J]. Journal of natural gas science and engineering. 2014, 21: 507-517.

Choi H, Lee D, Won J, et al. Influence of in-situ cryogenic freezing on thermal and mechanical characteristics of korean marine clay[J]. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2020, 24(11): 3501-3515.

Liu Y, Wang Q, Liu S, et al. Experimental investigation of the geotechnical properties and microstructure of lime-stabilized saline soils under freeze-thaw cycling[J]. Cold regions science and technology. 2019, 161: 32-42.

Quan X, Gong Y, Wang B, et al. Experimental study on the shear strength of Qinghai-Tibet clay under freeze-thaw cycles[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2023, 45(3): 1016-1025.

Chang D, Liu J, Li X. A constitutive model with double yielding surfaces for silty sand after freeze-thaw cycles[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering. 2016, 35(3): 623-630.

Memon K R, Mahesar A A, Ali M, et al. Influence of Cryogenic liquid nitrogen on Petro-Physical Characteristics of Mancos Shale: An Experimental Investigation[J]. Energy & fuels. 2020, 34(2): 2160-2168.

Jin X, Gao J, Su C, et al. Influence of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy on mechanic properties of coal and constitutive model study[J]. Energy sources. Part A, Recovery, utilization, and environmental effects. 2019, 41(19): 2364-2376.

Qin L, Zhai C, Liu S, et al. Failure Mechanism of Coal after Cryogenic Freezing with Cyclic liquid nitrogen and Its Influences on Coalbed Methane Exploitation[J]. Energy & fuels. 2016, 30(10): 8567-8578.

Davidson G P, Nye J F. A photoelastic study of ice pressure in rock cracks[J]. Cold regions science and technology. 1985, 11(2): 141-153.

Li S, Tang D, Pan Z, et al. Characterization of the stress sensitivity of pores for different rank coals by nuclear magnetic resonance[J]. Fuel. 2013, 111: 746-754.

Cai Y, Xue Y, Dang F, et al. Effect of liquid nitrogen Cooling and Heating on Mechanical Properties and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Coal[J]. Geofluids. 2023, 2023: 1-21.

Lu S. Experimental study on seepage characteristics and influencing factors of liquid nitrogen fracturing coal [D]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology. 2021.

Zhai C, Qin L, Liu S, et al. Pore Structure in Coal: Pore Evolution after Cryogenic Freezing with Cyclic liquid nitrogen Injection and Its Implication on Coalbed Methane Extraction[J]. Energy & Fuels. 2016, 30(7): 6009-6020.

Chen S, Dou L, Zhang L, et al. Mechanism of Reducing the Bursting Liability of Coal using liquid nitrogen Cyclic Fracturing[J]. Natural Resources Research. 2023, 32(3): 1415-1433.

Qin L, Zhai C, Liu S, et al. Mechanical behavior and fracture spatial propagation of coal injected with liquid nitrogen under triaxial stress applied for coalbed methane recovery[J]. Engineering Geology. 2018, 233: 1-10.

Qin L, Zhai C, Liu S, et al. Changes in the petrophysical properties of coal subjected to liquid nitrogen freeze-thaw – A nuclear magnetic resonance investigation[J]. Fuel (Guildford). 2017, 194: 102-114.

Qin L, Li S, Zhai C, et al. Changes in the pore structure of lignite after repeated cycles of liquid nitrogen freezing as determined by nitrogen adsorption and mercury intrusion[J]. Fuel (Guildford). 2020, 267: 117214.

Ghobadi M H, Babazadeh R. Experimental Studies on the Effects of Cyclic Freezing–Thawing, Salt Crystallization, and Thermal Shock on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Selected Sandstones[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2015, 48(3): 1001-1016.

Wang P, Xu J, Fang X, et al. Dynamic splitting tensile behaviors of red-sandstone subjected to repeated thermal shocks: Deterioration and micro-mechanism[J]. Engineering Geology. 2017, 223: 1-10.

Xu J, Zhai C, Liu S, et al. Feasibility investigation of cryogenic effect from liquid carbon dioxide multi cycle fracturing technology in coalbed methane recovery[J]. Fuel. 2017, 206: 371-380.

Xu J, Zhai C, Liu S, et al. Pore variation of three different metamorphic coals by multiple freezing-thawing cycles of liquid CO2 injection for coalbed methane recovery[J]. Fuel. 2017, 208: 41-51.

Wang H, Fu X, Jian K, et al. Changes in coal pore structure and permeability during N2 injection[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 2015, 27: 1234-1241.