Review on the Study of Microscopic Pore Structure and Seepage Characteristics

Chao Zhou

doi:10.54097/pa9fw753

Authors

Chao Zhou

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54097/pa9fw753

Keywords:

Pore Structure; Pore Throat Structure; Seepage Characteristics; Oil and Gas Exploration.

Abstract

Pore structure, as the focus of researchers, is also one of the main contents of reservoir geological research, and the characteristics of percolation depend on the micro-pore structure of the reservoir. The study of the characteristics of fluid percolation in the reservoir plays an important role in formulating a reasonable oil and gas exploitation scheme. Understanding the micro pore structure of the reservoir, analyzing the pore throat structure inside the oil and gas reservoir, and systematically studying the micro seepage characteristics of the reservoir have far-reaching influence and great significance for the exploration and development of oil and gas fields.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] Yu Xinghe. Fundamentals of oil and gas reservoir geology. 2nd edition [M]. Petroleum Industry Press,2015.

[2] Luo Zhetan, Wang Yuncheng. Pore Structure of Oil and Gas reservoirs [M]. Science Press,1986.

[3] Zhang Na, Zhao Fangfang, Wang Shuibing, et al. Rock pore structure and seepage characteristics of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) research review [J]. Journal of water resources and hydropower technology, 2018,49 (07) : 28-36. DOI: 10.13928 / j.carol carroll nki wrahe. 2018.07.004.

[4] Sun Yin-sen, Guo Shao-Bin. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of microscopic pore characteristics of shale based on image analysis [J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2016,31 (7): 751-763.

[5] Zhou Y, Ji Y L., Xu L. M., et al. Controls on Reservoir Heterogeneity of Tight Sand OilReservoirs in Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in L,ongdong Area, Southwest OrdosBasin, China: Implications for Reservoir Quality Prediction and Oil Accumulation [J].Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2016, 78: 110-135.

[6] Sun B. Q., Dunn K. J. Two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Petrophysics [J].Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2005, 23(2): 259-262.

[7] Yang Y F, Zhang W. J., Gao Y, et al. Influence of Stress Sensitivity on Microscopic Pore Structure and Fluid Flow in Porous Media [J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2016, 36(A): 20-31.

[8] Gao H., Li H. Z. Pore Structure Characterization, Permeability Evaluation and Enhanced Gas Recovery Techniques of Tight Gas Sandstones [J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2016, 28: 536-547.

[9] Sima L. Q., Wang C., Wang L., et al. Effect of Pore Structure on the Seepage Characteristics of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs: A Case Study of Upper Jurassic Penglaizhen Fm Reservoirs in the Western Sichuan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Industry B, 2017, 4(1):17-24.

[10] Yao Y B., Liu D. M. CoMParison of Low-field NMR and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry in Characterizing Pore Size Distributions of Coals [J]. Fuel. 2012, 95:152-158.

[11] Megawati M., Madland M. V., Hiorth A. Probing Pore Characteristics of Deformed Chalk by NMR Relaxation [J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2012,100:2:1-130.

[12] Liu M., Xie R. H., Wu S. T., et al. Characterizing the Pore Structure of Low Permeability Eocene Liushagang Formation Reservoir Rocks from Beibuwan Basin in Northern South China Sea [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2019, 99:107-121.

[13] Dou Wenchao, Liu Luofu, Wu Kangjun, et al. Pore structure of low permeability reservoir and its influence on permeability based on mercury injection experiment: a case study of Chang 7 reservoir in Yanchang Formation, Southwest Ordos Basin [J]. Geological Review, 2016, 62(2): 502-512.

[14] Yang Feng, Ning Zhengfu, Kong Detao, et al. Pore structure analysis of shale by high-pressure mercury injection and nitrogen adsorption [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2013,24 (3): 450-455.

[15] Li Pan, Sun Wei, Gao Yongli, et al. The influence of different diagenetic evolution on the quantitative evolution of porosity in tight sandstone reservoirs: a case study of Chang 8 reservoir in Maling area, Ordos Basin [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2018,37 (1):135-142.

[16] Xu Darong. Study on seepage mechanism and development mode of tight reservoir [D]. Beijing: China University of Petroleum, 2017.

[17] Wang Weiming, Lu Shuangfang, Li Jie, et al. Evaluation of microscopic pore characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs: a case study of Tuha Basin, China [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016,27 (10): 1828-1836.

[18] You Yuan, Niu Xiaobing, Li Tingyan, et al. Application of CT technology in the study of microscopic pore structure of tight sandstone: A case study of Chang 7 Member, Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin [J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2016, 37(2): 227-230. (in Chinese)

[19] Dou Wenchao, Liu Luofu, Wu Kangjun, et al. Pore structure of low permeability reservoir and its influence on permeability based on mercury injection experiment - A case study of Chang 7 reservoir in Yanchang Formation, Southwest Ordos Basin [J]. Geological Review, 2016, 62(2): 502-512.

[20] Chen Meng. Study on water displacement experiment and dynamic network simulation of tight oil reservoir [D]. Chengdu: Southwest Petroleum University, 2017.

[21] Sun Wei, Shi Chengen, Zhao Jingzhe, et al. Application of X-CT scanning imaging technology in the study of micro-pore structure and seepage mechanism of ultra-low permeability reservoirs: A case study of Chang 82 reservoir in Zhuang19 area, Xifeng Oilfield [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(5): 775-781.

[22] Kenyon W E. Nuclear magnetic resonance as a petrophysical measurement[J]. The International journal of radiation applications and instrumentation. Part E. Nuclear geophysics, 1992, 6(2): 153-171.

[23] Timur A. Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance studies of porosity movable fluid and permeability of sandstones[J]. Jouranl of Petroleum Technology, 1969, 21(06):775-786.

[24] Munn K, Smith D M. A NMR technique for the analysis of pore structure: Numerical inversion of relaxation measurements[J]. Joural of colloid and interface science, 1987,119(1): 117-126. (in Chinese)

[25] Rudolf M, Ter-Sarkisov, BuleiKo V M. New approach to development of tight low-permeable. resevoirs[A]//Strategic Field Development Conference Stavanger,Norvay. 2003.

[26] Shanley K W, Cluff R M, Robinson J W. Factors controlling prolific gas production from low-pemeability sandstoe reservoirs: Implications for resource assessment, prospect development, and risk analysis[J]. AAPG bulletin, 2004, 88(8): 1083-1121.

[27] He Chengzu, Hua Mingqi. Pore structure and physical properties of low permeability sandstone gas reservoirs [J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2005,26(3): 280-283.

[28] Yang J. Application of image analysis technology in extracting characteristic parameters of cast thin slices [D]. Xi 'an Shiyou University,2014.

[29] Zhang Chuang, Sun Wei, Gao Hui, et al. A quantitative calculation method of sandstone reservoir porosity evolution based on cast thin section data: A case study of Chang 8 reservoir in Huanjiang Area, Ordos Basin [J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2014, 32(02): 365-375.

[30] Wardlaw N C., Taylor R P. Mercury capillary pressure curves and the interpretation of pore structure and capillary behavior in reservoir rocks[J]. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 1976, 24(2): 225-262.

[31] Pittman E D. Relationship of porosity and permeability to various parameters derived from mercury injection-capillary pressure curves for sandstone (1). AAPG Bull, 1992; 76(4): 191-198.

[32] Zhao Ming, Guo Zhiqiang, Qing Hua, et al. Application of thin section identification and microscopic image analysis technology of rock casting [J]. Western Prospecting Engineering, 2009,21(03):66-68.

[33] Liu Qing-Li, Wu Guo-Ping, Hu Jian-Ce, et al. Measurement of reservoir porosity by thin slice image analysis [J]. Journal of Science and Technology of Surveying and Mapping, 2009,26 (01): 69-71+75.

[34] Liu Ye, Cheng Guojian, Ma Wei, et al. Rock classification based on color space and morphological gradient of cast thin slice images [J]. Journal of Central South University (Natural Science Edition),2016,47(07):2375-2382. (in Chinese)

[35] Hu Yuanyuan, Hu Zaiyuan. Application of scanning electron microscopy in the study of clay minerals in clastic rock reservoirs [J]. Journal of Sichuan Geology,2012,32(01):25-28.

[36] Wang Baofeng, Zhao Zhongyang. Environmental scanning electron microscopy and its application in petroleum technology [J]. Oilfield Chemistry,1999,(03):278-281+237.

[37] Liu Weixin, Wang Yanbin, Guo Li, et al. Application of scanning electron microscopy/environmental scanning electron microscopy in petroleum geology [J]. Journal of Electron Microscopy,2006,(S1):336-337.

[38] Yu Liang, Zhu Yalin, Yan Zhao-Sheng, et al. Application of environmental scanning electron microscopy in petroleum geology [J]. Journal of Electron Microscopy,2016,35(06):561-566.

[39] Lai J,Wang S,Wang G,et al.Pore structure and fractal characteristics of Ordovician Majiagou carbonate reservoirs in Ordos Basin,China[J].AAPG Bulletin, 2019,103(11): 2573-2596. (in Chinese)

[40] Wang Wei, Song Yuan-Juan, Huang Jing, et al. Study on fractal characteristics of pore throat structure of tight sandstone by high pressure mercury injection experiment [J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2021, 40(4): 10.

[41] WEI Hu. Analysis of reservoir microstructure and its influence on productivity of low permeability tight sandstone gas reservoir [D]. Northwestern University, 2011.

[42] CAI Laixing, Lu Shuangfang, Zhang Xunhua, et al. Establishment of tight sandstone reservoir evaluation scheme based on pore throat structure: A case study of Quanting-4 Member in Songnan Central Depression [J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2017, 47(6): 1654-1667.

[43] Su Y, Zha M, Jiang L, et al. Pore structure and fluid distribution of tight sandstone by the combined use of SEM, MICP and X-ray micro-CT[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2022, 208: 109241.

[44] Gong Yanjie, Liu Shaobo, Zhu Rukai, et al. Lower porosity limit of tight oil flow: Application of high-pressure mercury injection technology in the fourth member of Cretaceous Quang formation, southern Songliao Basin [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(05):681-688.

[45] Wang Xin, Qi Mei, Hu Yongle, et al. Analysis of shale pore structure by high pressure mercury injection combined with fractal theory [J]. Petroleum Geology and Development in Daqing,2015,34(02):165-169.

[46] Pittman ED. Relationship of porosity and permeability to various parameters derived from mercuryinjection-capillary pressure curves for sandstone (1).AAPG Bul1 1992; 76:191-8.

[47] Wang Ruifei, Chen Mingqiang, Sun Wei. Classification and evaluation of micro-pore structure of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,(02):213-220.

[48] Zhang Wenda, Zhu Panliang, Liang Shu. New parameters and geological significance of sandstone Piqiao capillary pressure curve for reservoir evaluation [J. Petroleum Geology & Experiment,1994,16(4):384-388.

[49] Sun Lijuan. A new method for the study of pore space structure characteristics of sandstone [J] Daqing Petroleum Geology and Development, 2002:21 (1): 29-31.

[50] He Chengzu, Hua Mingqi. Fractal geometry description of reservoir pore structure [J]. Oil & Gas Geology,1998,(01):17-25.

[51] Gao Yongli, Zhang Zhiguo. Quantitative evaluation of pore throat structure difference of low permeability sandstone by constant velocity mercury injection technique [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2011,30(04):73-76.

[52] Feng Yongjun, Xiao Kaihua. Application of constant velocity mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance technology in tight sandstone reservoir evaluation in western Sichuan Basin [J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 21,43(02):368-376. (in Chinese)

[53] Zhang Wenkai, Shi Zejin, Tian Yaming, et al. Characteristics of pore throat in tight sandstone characterized by combined high pressure mercury injection and constant velocity mercury injection experiment [J]. Fault-block Oil & Gas Field,2021, 28(01): 14-20+32.

[54] WANG Jing, Xi Zhaodong, Lu Donghua. Study on pore structure of shale gas reservoir based on constant velocity mercury injection technology: a case study of the shale of Wufeng Formation in Northwest Hunan Province [J]. Geology and Exploration, 21,57(02):450-456. (in Chinese)

[55] Xie Hailong, Liang Yan, Liu Jie. Application of microCT technology in petroleum geology [J]. Science and Technology Enterprises,2014,(10):365.

[56] Zhiming, Yin Xiangyan, Jiang Lin, et al. Application of CT scanning technology in petroleum exploration and development [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2017, 36(04):228-235.

[57] Kristian ermeable Mogensen, Erling H. Stenby, Dengen Zhou. Studices of waterflooding in chalk by use of X-ray CT scanning[J].. Journal of Petroleum Science and2001,32:1-10.

[58] Shi,B.Z.. Xia, B.R., Lin, Y.X., Xu, J., 2012.CT imaging and mechanism analysis of crack developmentby hydration in hard-brittle shale formations.Acta Pet. Sin. 33 (1),137-142.

[59] Bai Bin, Zhu Rukai, Wu Songtao, et al. Characterization of micro-pore throat structure of tight sandstone using multi-scale CT imaging [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013, 40(03):329-333.

[60] Ma,T.S.Chen,P.2014a. Study of meso-damage characteristics of shale hydration based on CT scanningtechnology. Pet. Explor. Dev.41 (2),249-256.

[61] Guan Xin, Liu Yuwei, Ren Chongyang, et al. Comparative characterization of pore structure and connectivity characteristics of anthracite coal based on CT 3D reconstruction [J]. Unconventional Oil and Gas,2023,10(01): 69-76.

[62] Li Aifen, Gao Ziheng, Jing Wenlong, et al. Pore structure characteristics and phase permeability analysis of steam flooding core based on CT scanning [J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2023,30(01):79-86.

[63] Yang Zhengming, Zhang Yingzhi, Hao Mingqiang, et al. Reservoir comprehensive evaluation method for low permeability oilfield [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2006,27(2): 64-67.

[64] Timur, A.,1969.Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance studies of porosity, movable fluid, and permeabilityof sandstones. [J]. pet. sci.eng.21,775-786.

[65] Freeman,R., Heaton, N., 2000. Fluid characterization using nuclear magneticre-sonance logging. Petrophysics 45(3), 241-250.

[66] Mai,A.,KanT2as,A.. Porosity Distributions in carbonate reservoirs using low-field NMR.[J].can.Petro1.tech.46,30-36.

[67] LI Hai-bo, Zhu Ju-Yi, Guo He-Kun, Study on conversion method of pore radius distribution by nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectroscopy [J]. Journal of Spectroscopy, 2008,02:273-280.

[68] Talabi,0.,AlSayari,S.. Iglauer,S.,Blunt,M.J.. 2009.Pore-scale simulation of NMR response.[J].pet.sci.eng.67,168-178.

[69] Wang Zhenhua, Chen Gang, Li Shuheng, et al. Application of nuclear magnetic resonance core analysis in evaluation of low porosity and permeability reservoir [J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2014,36(06):773-779.

[70] Gao, H., Li,H.2015. Determination of movable fluid percentage and movable fluid porosity inultra-low permeability sandstone using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) technique. [J].PEt.sci.eng.133,258-267.

[71] Zheng Ke, Xu Huaimin, Chen Jianwen, et al. Study on mobile fluid nuclear magnetic resonance of low permeability reservoir [J. Geoscience,2013,27(3),711-718.

[72] Hofman J P, Looyestjin W J,Sljkerman W F,et.al.A practical approach to obtain primary drainagecapillary pressure curves from NMR core and log data[J].petrophysics,2001,42(4): 334-343.

[73] Yun H Y, Zhao W J, Liu B K, et al. Study on pore structure of rock by T2 distribution [J] Well Logging Technology, 2002,26 (1):18-21, 89.

[74] Liu Tangyan, Ma Zaitian, Fu Rongshan. Analysis of pore throat structure in rock by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2003,18 (4); 737-742.

[75] Liu Tian-Ding, Zhao Tai-ping, Li Gao-Ren, et al. An improved method for evaluating pore size distribution of tight sandstone reservoirs using nuclear magnetic resonance [J]. Well Logging Technology 2012(2):119-123.

[76] XIAO Liang, Xiao Zhongxiang et al. Determination method and applicability analysis of T2cutoff for nuclear magnetic resonance logging [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(l): 167-172.

[77] An improved method for evaluating rock pore size distribution by T2 NMR distribution [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2005, 48(2): 373-378. (in Chinese)

[78] Li Aifen, Ren Xiaoxia, Wang Guijuan, et al. Method and application of nuclear magnetic resonance to study pore structure of tight sandstone [J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Natural Science Edition),2015,39(6):92-98.

[79] Liu Nannan. Research on Dynamic Mechanism and Application of gas displacement in porous media [D]. China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2020.

[80] Huang Xing, Gao Hui, Dou Liangbin. Micro-pore structure and water displacement characteristics of tight sandstone reservoir [J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 2020, 44(01): 80-88.

[81] Li Yongqi, Zhao Weiwei. Experimental study on water flooding of real sandstone micro-model of Chang 6 reservoir in Xuecha Area, Ordos Basin [J]. Liaoning Chemical Industry, 2016, 45(12): 1557-1560.

[82] LI Pan. Characterization of micro-pore structure and production characteristics of low permeability sandstone reservoir [D]. Northwestern University, 2019.

[83] Yang Shenglai, Wei Junzhi. Reservoir physics [M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2004.

[84] Sun Junchang, Yang Zhengming, Guo Hekun, et al. A comparative study of steady-state and non-steady-state permeability measurement for tight reservoir [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2013, 34(04): 1009-1016.

[85] Jiang Kailiang. Study on calculation method and rule of phase permeability curve of low permeability reservoir [D]. China University of Petroleum (East China),2015.

[86] Zhang Xingxing, Du Jing, Bai Lei, et al. A new method for optimization and correction of oil-water relative permeability curve by unsteady state method [J]. Fault-block Oil & Gas Field, 2016, 23(2): 185-l88.

[87] Zhang Fengzhu. Research on oil-water two-phase seepage in low permeability reservoir [D]. China University of Petroleum (Beijing) 2017.

[88] Li Guangyue, Guo Ping, Lin Chunming. Phase states and recovery efficiency of different types of condensate gas reservoirs in low permeability porous media [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2006, 27(1): 73-76.

[89] Liu Aiwu, Li Xuewen. Characteristics of two-phase seepage in low permeability reservoirs and its influencing factors [J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2006, 28(3): 325-327.

[90] Sun Wei, Qu Zhihao, Li Jinfeng. Analysis of water flooding mechanism and development effect after water discovery in Ansete low permeability oilfield [J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 1999, 21(3): 256-259.

[91] Schlueter E. M, Zimmerman R. W, Witherspoon, P A, Cook, N. G. W. The fractal dimension of pores in sedimentary rocks and its influence on Permeability[J].Engineering Geology, 1997, 48(3-5): 199-215.

[92] Zhao Yang, Qu Zhihao, Liu Zhen. Experimental study on real sandstone micro-model of fracture water displacement mechanism [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2002, (01): 116-119.

[93] Zhu Jiucheng, Lang Zhaoxin, Huang Yanzhang, et al. Application of image processing technology in multi-phase seepage experiments [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1997(04): 54-56+101.

[94] Shi Zhanzhong, Wang Zhizhang, Ji Youliang. Hydrocarbon Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2002(06): 41-42+61-2. Characteristics of reservoir seepage and microscopic distribution of crude oil [J].

[95] Qu Zhihao, Kong Lingrong. Microscopic water flooding characteristics of low permeability reservoir [J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition),2002(4): 329-334.

[96] Kong Ling-Rong, Qu Zhi-Hao, Wan Fa-Bao, et al. Two-phase displacement experiment of sandstone with micro-pore model [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1991(4): 79-85+103.

[97] Zhang Li-Kuan, Wang Zhen-Liang, Qu Zhi-Hao, et al. Experimental study on microphysical simulation of natural gas migration in sandstone pore media [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2007, 81(4): 539-542.

[98] Zhu Yiwu, Qu Zhihao, Lv Xuming, et al. Study on water flooding by lithographic micropore model in Yan 'an Formation, Changqing Oilfield [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1989, 3(10): 40-47.

[99] Qu Zhihao, Kong Lingrong. Study on formation of residual water in oil reservoir using transparent pore model [J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 1986,(01): 72-78.

[100] Zhu Yushuang, Liu Yiqun, Zhao Jiyong, et al. Study on microscopic seepage characteristics of different flow units: A case study of Block Hua 152, Chang3 reservoir, Huachi Oilfield [J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2008, (01): 103-108.

[101] Zhu Yushuang, Kong Lingrong, Qu Zhihao, et al. Study of viscous instability pointing by using real sandstone micropore model [J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 1998, 28(2): 77-79.

[102] Ren Yunpeng, Su Yuliang, Zhang Chuanbao, et al. Effect of starting pressure gradient on water displacement rule of low permeability reservoir [J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2014, 14(14): 181-184.

[103] Sun Lijuan, Wu Fan, Zhao Weihua, et al. Study and application of reservoir starting pressure [J]. Fault Block Oil & Gas Field,1998, (05): 30-33.

[104] Li Aifen, Liu Min, Zhang Huqiang, et al. Study on the variation law of starting pressure gradient of oil-water two-phase in low permeability reservoir [J]. Journal of Xi 'an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 2010, 25(06): 47-50+54.

[105] Li Zhongxing, Han Hongbao, Cheng Linsong. A new solution method for starting pressure gradient in ultra-low permeability reservoirs and its application [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2004, 31 (3): 107-109.

[106] Zhao Huawei, Zhao Tianyi, Ning Zhengfu, et al. Petrophysical characterization of tight oil sandstones by microscale X-ray computed tomography[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2019, 102: 604-614

[107] Dong Dapeng, Feng Wenguang, Zhao Junfeng, et al. Calculation of relative permeability considering starting pressure gradient [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2007(10): 95-96+142.

[108] Deng Yinger, Yan Qing-Lai, Ma Baoqi. The relationship between interfacial molecular force and permeability and its influence on seepage flow [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1998(02): 62-65.

[109] Huang Yanzhang. Characteristics of nonlinear seepage in low permeability reservoir [J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 1997(01): 9-14.

[110] Yao Yodong, Ge Jiali. Study on non-Darcy flow in low permeability reservoirs [J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2000(03): 213-215+256.

[111] Tan Leijun, Jia Yonglu, Feng Xi, et al. Determination of starting pressure gradient for low-speed non-Darcy flow [J]. Oil and Gas Well Testing, 2000(04): 5-7.

[112] Turgay Ertekin, Gregory A.King,Fred C.Schwerer.Dynamic Gas Slippage:A Unique Dual-Mechanism Approach to the Flow of Gas in Tight Formations[J].SPE Formation Evaluation, 1986:43-52.

[113] Zhu Guangya, Liu Xianfa, Li Shutie et al. Study on the effect of gas seepage slip in low permeability gas reservoirs [J] Natural Gas Industry 2007,27(5): 44-47.

[114] Wu Ying, Cheng Linsong, Ning Zhengfu. A new method for determining Klinkenberg constant and non-Darcy coefficient in low permeability gas reservoirs [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2005, 25(5): 78-80.

[115] Wan, Lu Yuan, Zhao Shijun. Research status and cognition of slippage effect of low permeability gas reservoir [J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2008,29(2): 229-231.

[116] Geertsma J.The Effect of Fluid Pressure Decline on Volumetric Changes of Porous Rocks[J]. Pet Trans AIME. 2010: 331-340.

[117] Hall H. N.. Compressibility of Reservoir rocks[J]. Trans, AIME, 1953,198:309-316.

[118] Yang Zhengming, Jiang Hanqiao, Li Shutie, et al. Study on micro-pore structure characteristic parameters of low permeability gas reservoirs: A case study of Sulige and Dina low permeability reservoirs [J] Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2007, 29(6): l08-110.

[119] Wang Minglei, Liu Yuting, Zhang Fudong, et al. Quantitative analysis of micro-pore throat structure of tight oil reservoir in Ordos Basin [J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2015,35 (3)318-322.

[120] Wang Wei, Zhu Yushuang, Chen Dayou, et al. Study on microscopic seepage characteristics and influencing factors of low permeability reservoir: A case study of Chang 6 oil Formation in Jiyuan Area, Ordos Basin [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information.2015, 34(02):159-164.

[121] Liu Xiaopeng, Liu Yan, Chen Juanping, et al. Microscopic pore structure and seepage characteristics of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in Member 8 of Hehe Formation, Ordos Basin [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016,27 (07): 1225-1234.

[122] Wang Wei, Zhu Yushuang, Niu Xiaobing, et al. Micro-pore structure and controlling factors of Chang 6 reservoir in Jiyuan area, Ordos Basin [J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2013, 32(3): 118-124.

[123] Gao Hui, Wang Meiqiang, Shang Shuilong. Quantitative evaluation of micro-pore throat heterogeneity of ultra-low permeability sandstone by constant velocity mercury injection: A case study of Chang 8 reservoir in Xifeng Oilfield, Ordos Basin [J]. Advances in Geophysics, 2013, 28(4):1900-1907.

[124] Yu Jian, Ma Jie, Lu Jungang, et al. Application of mercury injection - constant rate mercury injection to quantitative characterization of micro-pore throat structure of tight sandstone reservoirs - A case study of Chang 7 reservoir in Huachi Yihe Shuidi Area, Ordos Basin [J]. Experimental Petroleum Geology.2015(6):789-795.