A Review of the Development of Tunnels and Support Systems

Abstract

Against the backdrop of continuous advancements in infrastructure construction, tunnel engineering, as a critical component of transportation, water conservancy, and other fields, is becoming increasingly prominent in importance. Tunnel construction faces numerous challenges, such as complex geological conditions and high-stress environments. The support system, as the core element ensuring tunnel stability and safety, has seen a crucial evolution in its development and technological innovations. From the early simple support structures to today's diversified composite support systems, significant progress has been made in materials, structural forms, and construction techniques. The development and application of new materials have enhanced the strength and durability of support structures; advanced structural design concepts enable support systems to better adapt to complex geological conditions; and the continuous optimization of construction techniques has improved efficiency and quality. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the development of tunnels and support systems, outlining their evolutionary trajectory, analyzing key technological innovations, and discussing current challenges and future trends. It seeks to offer valuable insights for the construction and advancement of tunnel engineering.