Characteristics of Emerging Perovskite Solar Cell Technology

Abstract

With the continuous growth of energy demand and the increasingly prominent environmental problems of fossil energy, the development of clean and renewable energy has become an important direction of energy structure transformation. Perovskite solar cells have the advantages of high light absorption coefficient, low temperature preparation and adjustable band gap. However, problems such as insufficient long-term stability, environmental risk of lead, and attenuation of large-area preparation performance still limit the industrialization process. This paper focuses on three types of perovskite solar cell systems: organic-inorganic hybrid lead-based, tin-lead hybrid and all-inorganic lead-based. The crystal structure, photoelectric properties, preparation process and application characteristics are reviewed, and the main optimization strategies such as material regulation, interface passivation, lead-free and tandem devices are analyzed. At the same time, the stability, large-scale preparation and environmental safety problems faced by the current perovskite photovoltaic technology are summarized. The research shows that different perovskite systems have their own characteristics in photoelectric performance, stability and application direction. Composite material design, component optimization and high barrier packaging technology are important ways to improve device performance and life. This paper can provide reference for the subsequent technology optimization and industrialization development of perovskite solar cells.