Macroscopic Configurations of Graphene Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitors: A Comparative Review

Linguo Wang

doi:10.54097/6knmbw38

Authors

Linguo Wang Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54097/6knmbw38

Keywords:

Graphene; Flexible supercapacitors; Macroscopic configurations; Electrode design.

Abstract

Currently, flexible wearable electronic devices are developing rapidly, so there is a need for lightweight, high-efficiency flexible energy storage devices. Graphene has a unique two-dimensional structure and excellent physicochemical properties, so it is a prominent candidate material for flexible supercapacitors. This paper presents a summary of the research advancements in one-dimensional fibers, two-dimensional films, and three-dimensional porous graphene macroscopic configurations, while comparing them based on structural attributes, mechanical flexibility, and electrochemical performance. According to this comparison, this paper discusses the selection strategy for suitable configurations in graphene-based flexible supercapacitor development, offering a guide for electrode design.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] Ma, X., Ji, J., Kang, H., Zhang, H., & Zhang, L. (2023). Research progress on carbon material-based flexible supercapacitor electrode materials. Journal of Jilin Engineering Normal University, 39(12), 91–96.

[2] Li, N., & Chen, T. (2018). Recent progress on graphene-based flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 35(3), 259–271.

[3] Liu, B., Peng, T., & Sun, H. (2016). Preparations and applications of graphene macroforms: One-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures. Materials Reports, 30(21), 54–61.

[4] Ye, F., Li, T., Liu, Y., Chen, J., Wu, S., Zada, A., Han, Y., Sun, Y., & Dang, A. (2024). Review: Recent progress in high performance graphene fibers—fabrication, characterization and perspectives. Journal of Materials Science, 59(42), 19753–19784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-024-10194-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-024-10194-6

[5] Zhang, M., Zhang, B., Yin, B., & Li, X. (2020). Research progress of graphene-based fibers in flexible supercapacitors. Journal of Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology (Natural Science Edition), 40(2), 95–106. https://doi.org/10.16454/j.cnki.issn.1001-0564.2020.02.014

[6] Guang, T., Cheng, H., & Qu, L. (2026). Wearable energy harvesters based on graphene fibers. New Carbon Materials, 41(3), 537–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(26)61078-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(26)61078-5

[7] Wan, T., Yuan, W., Zhao, C., & Min, Y. (2023). Research progress of two-dimensional materials and conducting polymer composites in flexible supercapacitors. Journal of Guangdong University of Technology, 40(2), 74–81.

[8] Liu, X., Wu, L., Yu, X., Peng, H., Xu, S., & Zhou, Z. (2022). In-situ growth of graphene films to improve sensing performances. Materials, 15(21), 7814. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217814 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217814

[9] Choi, M., Baek, J., Zeng, H., Jin, S., & Jeon, S. (2024). Toward high-quality graphene film growth by chemical vapor deposition system. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 31, 101176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2024.101176 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2024.101176

[10] Wang, S., Wang, Y., & Li, J. (2019). Synthesis and supercapacitive performance of three-dimensional graphene macroform. Journal of East China University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 45(3), 382–387. https://doi.org/10.14135/j.cnki.1006-3080.20180530001

[11] Bai, T., Zhang, H., Tao, X., Peng, Y., Jiang, S., & Qin, J. (2026). Recent advances of 2D mesoporous materials in micro-supercapacitors. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 15(2), 458–478. https://doi.org/10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0908

[12] Jiang, Z. (2025). Construction of flexible 3D structured carbon materials and their application in water-based energy devices [Doctoral dissertation, South China Normal University]. https://doi.org/10.27154/d.cnki.ghnsu.2025.000063

[13] Wang, J., Liu, Y., Fan, Z., Wang, W., Wang, B., & Guo, Z. (2019). Ink-based 3D printing technologies for graphene-based materials: A review. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-018-0067-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-018-0067-9