Hybrid Entrepreneurial Intentions: The Influence of Team-Member Exchange

Kelvin Phineas Mbeveri

doi:10.54097/hbafnx83

Authors

Kelvin Phineas Mbeveri

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54097/hbafnx83

Keywords:

Team-member exchange, Hybrid entrepreneurial intentions, Perceived desirability of entrepreneur-ship, Perceived normativeness towards entrepreneurship, Perceived feasibility towards entrepre-neurship

Abstract

Full-time entrepreneurs are an integral part of economic growth, the rise of a distinct category of entrepreneurs known as hybrid entrepreneurs is no exception. Hybrid entrepreneurship has re-ceived notable attention in recent years. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the influence of team-member exchange (TMX) on hybrid entrepreneurial intentions (HEIs) within organizational settings, elucidating the mediating role of perceived desirability of entrepreneurship (PDE), per-ceived normativeness towards entrepreneurship (PNE) and perceived feasibility towards entrepre-neurship (PFE). Through the lens of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), a research model is pro-posed to explore these relationships. More so, by employing a quantitative research design, data will be collected using a questionnaire in an online survey utilizing a convenience sampling technique. Regression analysis will be adopted to assess the direct and indirect effects of TMX on HEIs through the proposed mediators. The aim of this study is to advance theoretical understanding of HEI, extending TPB and contributing to the existing board of literature on hybrid entrepreneurship. Moreover, the study also has practical implications to policy makers, managers and employees.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] Folta TB, Delmar F, Wennberg K. Hybrid entrepreneurship. Management science. 2010; 56(2):253-69.

[2] Luc S, Chirita GM, Delvaux E, Kepnou AK. Hybrid entrepreneurship: Employees climbing the entrepreneurial ladder. International Review of Entrepreneurship. 2018; 16(1):89-114.

[3] Wozniak S. iWoz: Computer geek to cult icon: How I invented the personal computer, co-founded Apple, and had fun doing it: WW Norton & Company; 2007.

[4] Raffiee J, Feng J. Should I quit my day job? A hybrid path to entrepreneurship. Academy of management journal. 2014;57(4):936-63.

[5] Cohen A. The perfect store: Inside eBay: Back Bay Books; 2003.

[6] Ford H, Crowther S. My life and work: Doubleday, Page & Company; 1922.

[7] Solesvik MZ. Hybrid entrepreneurship: how and why entrepreneurs combine employment with self-employment. Technology Innovation Management Review. 2017; 7(3).

[8] Wright M, Zahra S. The other side of paradise: Examining the dark side of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Research Journal. 2011; 1(3):20123002.

[9] Petrova K. Part-Time Entrepreneurship and Risk Tolerance. Journal of Applied Business & Economics. 2018;20(1).

[10] Smallbone D, Welter F. The distinctiveness of entrepreneurship in transition economies. Small business economics. 2001; 16:249-62.

[11] Petrova K, editor Part-time entrepreneurship and wealth effects: New evidence from the panel study of entrepreneurial dynamics. 50th ICSB Conference, Washington, June; 2005.

[12] Liu Z, Wu G. Gendered motives towards hybrid entrepreneurial intentions: Empirical evidence from China. International Studies of Economics. 2022; 17(1):36-64.

[13] Schulz M, Urbig D, Procher V. Hybrid entrepreneurship and public policy: The case of firm entry deregulation. Journal of Business Venturing. 2016; 31(3):272-86.

[14] Petrova K. Part-time entrepreneurship, learning and ability. Journal of management policy and practice. 2010; 12(1):64-75.

[15] Thorgren S, Nordström C, Wincent J. Hybrid entrepreneurship: The importance of passion. Baltic journal of management. 2014; 9(3):314-29.

[16] Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes. 1991; 50(2):179-211.

[17] Roxas HB, Azmat F. Community social capital and entrepreneurship: Analyzing the links. Community Development. 2014; 45(2):135-50.

[18] Fayolle A. Evaluation of entrepreneurship education: behaviour performing or intention increasing? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. 2005; 2(1):89-98.

[19] Krueger Jr NF, Reilly MD, Carsrud AL. Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of business venturing. 2000; 15(5-6):411-32.

[20] Seers A. Team-member exchange quality: A new construct for role-making research. Organizational behavior and human decision processes. 1989; 43(1):118-35.

[21] Liden RC, Wayne SJ, Sparrowe RT. An examination of the mediating role of psychological empowerment on the relations between the job, interpersonal relationships, and work outcomes. Journal of applied psychology. 2000; 85(3):407.

[22] Ozer M, Zhang G. Interpersonal relationships and creativity at work: A network building perspective. Journal of Product Innovation Management. 2022; 39(3):312-33.

[23] Graen G, Cashman JF. A role-making model of leadership in formal organizations: A developmental approach. Leadership frontiers. 1975; 143(165):86-96.

[24] Mehta A, Mehta N. Knowledge integration and team effectiveness: A team goal orientation approach. Decision Sciences. 2018; 49(3):445-86.

[25] Chen Z. A literature review of team-member exchange and prospects. Journal of Service Science and Management. 2018; 11(04):433.

[26] Tse HH, Dasborough MT. A study of exchange and emotions in team member relationships. Group & organization management. 2008; 33(2):194-215.

[27] Farh CIC, Lanaj K, Ilies R. Resource-Based Contingencies of When Team–Member Exchange Helps Member Performance in Teams. Academy of Management Journal. 2017; 60(3):1117-37.

[28] Abu Bakar H, Sheer VC. The mediating role of perceived cooperative communication in the relationship between interpersonal exchange relationships and perceived group cohesion. Management Communication Quarterly. 2013; 27(3):443-65.

[29] Kurczewska A, Mackiewicz M, Doryń W, Wawrzyniak D. Peculiarity of hybrid entrepreneurs–revisiting Lazear’s theory of entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Economics and Management. 2020; 21(1):277-300.

[30] Demir C, Werner A, Kraus S, Jones P. Hybrid entrepreneurship: A systematic literature review. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship. 2020; 34(1):29-52.

[31] Molino M, Dolce V, Cortese CG, Ghislieri C. Personality and social support as determinants of entrepreneurial intention. Gender differences in Italy. PloS one. 2018; 13(6):e0199924.

[32] Elnadi M, Gheith MH. Entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention in higher education: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. The International Journal of Management Education. 2021; 19(1):100458.

[33] Ajzen I. From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. Action control: From cognition to behavior: Springer; 1985. p. 11-39.

[34] Shapero A, Sokol L. The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship. 1982.

[35] Schulz M, Urbig D, Procher V. The role of hybrid entrepreneurship in explaining multiple job holders’ earnings structure. Journal of business venturing insights. 2017; 7:9-14.

[36] McFadyen MA, Cannella Jr AA. Social capital and knowledge creation: Diminishing returns of the number and strength of exchange relationships. Academy of management Journal. 2004; 47(5):735-46.

[37] Fini R, Perkmann M, Ross J-M. The Impact of Hybrid Entrepreneurship on Individual Performance in Research Organizations. Academy of Management Proceedings. 2017; 2017(1):14241.

[38] Weerakoon C, McMurray AJ, Rametse N, Arenius P. Knowledge creation theory of entrepreneurial orientation in social enterprises. Journal of Small Business Management. 2020; 58(4):834-70.

[39] Nanda R, Sørensen JB. Workplace peers and entrepreneurship. Management science. 2010; 56(7):1116-26.

[40] Banks GC, Batchelor JH, Seers A, O'Boyle Jr EH, Pollack JM, Gower K. What does team–member exchange bring to the party? A meta‐analytic review of team and leader social exchange. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2014; 35(2):273-95.

[41] Krueger NF, Carsrud AL. Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & regional development. 1993; 5(4):315-30.

[42] Seers A, Petty M, Cashman JF. Team-member exchange under team and traditional management: A naturally occurring quasi-experiment. Group & Organization Management. 1995; 20(1):18-38.

[43] Lee L, Wong PK, Foo Md, Leung A, editors. Entrepreneurial intentions: The influence of organizational and individual factors2009.

[44] Li Y, Li N, Guo J, Li J, Harris TB. A Network View of Advice-giving and Individual Creativity in Teams: A Brokerage-driven, Socially Perpetuated Phenomenon. Academy of Management Journal. 2018.

[45] Lazar M, Miron-Spektor E, Agarwal R, Erez M, Goldfarb BD, Chen G. Entrepreneurial Team Formation. The Academy of Management Annals. 2020; 14:29-59.

[46] Hmieleski KM, Sheppard LD. The Yin and Yang of entrepreneurship: Gender differences in the importance of communal and agentic characteristics for entrepreneurs' subjective well-being and performance. Journal of Business Venturing. 2019.

[47] Vamvaka V, Stoforos C, Palaskas T, Botsaris C. Attitude toward entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention: dimensionality, structural relationships, and gender differences. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 2020; 9(1):1-26.

[48] Santos SC, Liguori EW. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions: Outcome expectations as mediator and subjective norms as moderator. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 2020; 26(3):400-15.

[49] Al-Mamary YHS, Alraja MM. Understanding entrepreneurship intention and behavior in the light of TPB model from the digital entrepreneurship perspective. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights. 2022; 2(2):100106.

[50] Li L, Wu D. Entrepreneurial education and students' entrepreneurial intention: does team cooperation matter? Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research. 2019; 9(1):1-13.

[51] Liñán F, Chen YW. Development and cross–cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship theory and practice. 2009; 33(3):593-617.

[52] Bögenhold D. Are hybrids the new normal? A labour market perspective on hybrid self-employment. International Review of Entrepreneurship. 2019; 17(4):429-48.

[53] Petrova K. Part-time entrepreneurship and financial constraints: evidence from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics. Small business economics. 2012; 39:473-93.

[54] Hair JF, Ringle CM, Sarstedt M. Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long range planning. 2013; 46(1-2):1-12.

[55] Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE, Tatham RL. Multivariate data analysis 6th Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. New Jersey. humans: Critique and reformulation …; 2006.

[56] Cestino J, Herath R, Woodhouse Schmit E, editors. Perceived Organizational Support and Transition Intentions in Hybrid Entrepreneurs. Academy of Management Proceedings; 2022: Academy of Management Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510.

[57] Marshall DR, Davis WD, Dibrell C, Ammeter AP. Learning off the job: Examining part-time entrepreneurs as innovative employees. Journal of Management. 2019; 45(8):3091-113.