Fluoride-Based Solid Electrolytes (FB-SE): Environmental Sustainability Considerations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/s7dhp905Keywords:
LCA, Circular Economy, Interfacial Stability.Abstract
Solid electrolytes based on fluoride (FB-SEs) have been recently subject to growing interest as a potential all-solid-state battery (ASSB) because of their chemical stability, broad electrochemical stability ranges, and possible availability of an anode based on high-energy metal elements. This review is a qualitative synthesis report on the current advancements in research of FB-SE with light quantitative comparisons with over 60 peer-reviewed publications published in the last 5 years (2020-25). Improvements on material compositions, synthesis procedures, ionic conductivity optimization, as well as the electrode- electrolyte interfaces stability are systematically addressed. Besides the electrochemical performance, the paper puts specific emphasis on the aspects of environmental sustainability that had hitherto not been sufficiently represented in the literature. The problem of sustainability is considered at the main points of the material life cycle, such as the purchase of raw materials, energy consumption in the manufacture stage, the safety of the operations, and the particulars of the end-of-life. Representative quantitative measurements of ionic conductivity values, synthesis temperatures, and the incorporation of precursors containing fluorine are addressed where reported and are acknowledged to be very heterogeneous and rarely comparable with the existing literature, other persistent limitations include the small number of life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies, lack of exploration of the recyclability, and lack of published environmental impact of synthesis processes. Instead of a clear-cut evaluation framework, the given review presents a conceptual lens through which the electrochemical performance is linked with an initial sustainability indicator, with the purpose of directing the further experiment design and promoting a more direct approach toward considering sustainability in the development of FB-SEs towards ASSBs.
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