International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences
International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences (IJBLS) is a peer-reviewed journal published by Darcy & Roy Press. The mission of the journal is to provide an academic forum for discussing the issues of biology, medicine, health, life sciences across the world. All articles published are rigorously and fast reviewed meeting the Journal Quality standards.
Study on the Effects of Seasons on the Microbial Community Structure and Flavor Compounds of Different Grades of Strong- flavor Baijiu Fermentation Mash
During the brewing process of Luzhou-flavor liquor, the microbial community and flavor substances of Jiu Pei are significantly affected by space-time factors, but how season and space jointly regulate their succession is not clear. The purpose of this study was to systematically explore the differences and correlations between microbial community structure and volatile flavor substances in Jiu Pei in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter ) and different levels ( Jiu Pei, upper layer of yellow water line and lower layer of yellow water line). High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the composition of microbial communities, and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine volatile flavor substances. Spearman correlation analysis was further used to reveal the potential correlation between microorganisms and flavor substances. The results showed that the fungal community showed a succession pattern of ' spring-winter type ' ( mainly Pichia ) and ' summer-autumn type ' ( mainly Aspergillus and Rasamsonia ). Lactobacillus was the absolute dominant bacteria in the bacterial community, and its abundance was the highest in summer ( > 92 % ). A total of 153 volatile flavor substances were detected, and esters accounted for more than 47 %. In autumn, esters accounted for more than 71 % in the upper and lower Jiu Pei of yellow water. LEfSe analysis identified differential microbial markers in different seasons : spring ( Melghirimyces ), summer ( Aspergillus, Lactobacillus), autumn (Rasamsonia) and winter ( Maudiozyma, Pichia ). Correlation analysis showed that Aspergillus and Rasamsonia were significantly positively correlated with key esters such as ethyl caproate and ethyl valerate (p < 0.001), Pichia and Maudiozyma were significantly positively correlated with alcohol content ( p < 0.01 ). This study revealed the structural differences of microbial communities in Jiu Pei in different seasons and levels and their potential contributions to the formation of flavor substances, which provided a theoretical basis for the precise regulation and quality improvement of Luzhou-flavor liquor fermentation process.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Advances in the Application of Growth Factors in Chronic Diabetic Wounds
Growth factors are important signal substances that control tissue repair, and they offer new ideas for treating this kind of disease, this paper sorts out the working principles and current uses of common growth factors including epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, it analyzes the main roles of different growth factors in cell increase and blood vessel formation, and also points out the problems of weak stability and short survival time of single growth factor, meanwhile, it sums up the cooperative effects when multiple growth factors are used together, and discusses the application progress of new delivery methods like nanotechnology and 3D bioprinting, at present, related studies still have limitations such as not enough clinical trial data and no confirmed long-term safety, future research needs to explore its working principles more deeply, finish clinical verification and make personalized treatment plans, so as to push the clinical application and standardized use of growth factors in treating chronic diabetic wounds, and help improve the recovery condition of patients.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jinhui Jiang, Peijian Huang, Yi Li , Ying Guan, Qiang Tang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comparison of Two Suctioning Methods on Body Temperature in Patients After Percutaneous Tracheostomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Background/Objective: To compare the changes in body temperature, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell count within 24 hours after percutaneous tracheostomy with conventional suction versus fiberoptic bronchoscopy suction in patients. Methods: From April 2024 to February 2025,67 patients who underwent conventional suction and 64 patients who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy suction after percutaneous tracheostomy were selected. The changes in body temperature, white blood cell count, and CRP before and 24 hours after surgery were observed. Results: Both groups showed an increase in body temperature post-surgery compared to pre-surgery (P<0.05), but the body temperature of the experimental group did not exceed 38°C, and no fever was observed. The white blood cell count increased in both groups, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in CRP levels between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Patients who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy suction after percutaneous tracheostomy had more stable body temperatures, making it a clinically viable option for promotion and application.
Targeting the Spleen-Gut-Brain Axis in Depression: Immune-Microbiota Drivers of Neuroinflammation
Emerging evidence highlights the spleen-gut-brain axis as a pivotal therapeutic frontier in depression, orchestrating crosstalk among peripheral immunity, gut microbiota, and neuroinflammatory cascades. Chronic stress triggers splenic hypersecretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α) and gut barrier dysfunction, which synergistically activate hippocampal microglial NLRP3 inflammasome via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR)-mediated vagal signaling. This neuroimmune cascade exacerbates synaptic loss and depressive-like behaviors by amplifying oxidative stress and suppressing BDNF/TrkB-dependent neuroplasticity. Natural compounds (e.g., astragaloside IV and baicalin) exhibit multi-target efficacy through dual modulation of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB-driven neuroinflammation and restoration of gut microbiota homeostasis. This review highlights novel therapeutic strategies involving natural compounds with dual immunomodulatory and microbiota-restoring properties, which not only circumvent the limitations of monoamine-centric drugs but also offer safer adjunctive therapies. Focusing on systemic inflammation as a root cause—rather than merely symptom management—these strategies hold promise for patients unresponsive to conventional antidepressants, potentially reducing relapse rates through sustained immunomodulation. By bridging immunology, microbiology, and neuropharmacology, this work proposes a paradigm shift of precision psychiatry—one where depression is treated not as a chemical imbalance, but as a systemic network modulation.
Vestibular System Dysfunction and Clinical Interventions in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
This paper comprehensively summarizes existing objective research evidence on vestibular dysfunction in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and systematically analyzes its clinical manifestations, impacts on cognitive impairment and clinical assessment approaches. Numerous clinical observations indicate that such patients commonly suffer from poor physical balance and disordered sensory information integration, accompanied by evident developmental lag of the visual-vestibular system compared with healthy peers. The decreased central inhibitory efficiency of vestibulo-ocular reflex serves as a crucial objective marker for cerebellar-vestibular damage. Vestibular deficits further impair patients' executive functions. It not only aggravates inherent behavioral abnormalities of ADHD, but also greatly elevates the risk of comorbidities including learning disabilities and dyslexia. Objective detection techniques such as cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential, functional head impulse test and eye tracking can precisely reflect vestibular function. Acting as reliable physiological assessment indicators, these methods effectively overcome the drawbacks of conventional subjective behavioral diagnosis. Cerebellovestibular dysfunction and abnormal sensory integration are distinctive objective physiological characteristics of certain ADHD subtypes. Long-term follow-up studies are still required to clarify the independent pathological correlation between vestibular impairment and comorbid disorders. Rigorous randomized controlled trials should also be conducted to establish standardized non-pharmacological intervention and treatment protocols.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
MPTP-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease: Advantages, Limitations, and Breakthroughs
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the formation of Lewy bodies, which are neuronal inclusions primarily composed of abnormally aggregated α-synuclein. To elucidate the pathogenesis of PD and explore therapeutic strategies, researchers have established various animal models. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) reliably triggers neuroimmune cascades in the animal brain that closely mirror the pathological hallmarks of PD and selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons. MPTP-based mouse models have become one of the most widely used PD animal models. This review systematically summarizes the in vivo metabolism of MPTP, common protocols for establishing MPTP-induced mouse models, their pathological features, and further discusses the trends and limitations of this model.
Research Progress on Gait and Balance Function in Patients after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Total hip arthroplasty is regarded as the ultimate intervention for end-stage hip diseases, and its main role is to relieve pain and rebuild hip function. However, abnormal gait and balance disorders are still common in patients after surgery, and even leave dysfunction for a long time, which seriously affects the physiological function and social and psychological health of patients. In recent years, with the development of precision medicine and rehabilitation medicine, the research on gait and balance function of patients after total hip arthroplasty has attracted more and more attention, and the relevant research is becoming more refined and individualized. This article reviews the research progress of gait and balance function in patients after hip replacement by exploring the mechanism, influencing factors, adverse effects, evaluation methods and intervention strategies of gait and balance abnormalities in patients after hip replacement.
Advances in Mechanisms and Applications of Potassium-solubilizing Bacteria
Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth and development. However, the majority of soil K exists in insoluble mineral forms that are not readily available for direct plant uptake. Although the long-term and heavy application of chemical K fertilizers has to some extent alleviated soil K deficiency, it has simultaneously given rise to ecological risks, including soil compaction, acidification, and water eutrophication. Potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB), a group of functional microorganisms capable of converting insoluble K-bearing minerals into plant-available forms, have demonstrated considerable potential in promoting sustainable agriculture and ecological environmental remediation. This review systematically summarizes the definition, research history, major species, and functional characteristics of KSB, and elaborates on their K-release mechanisms from the perspectives of acidolysis, enzymolysis, and polysaccharide complexolysis. On this basis, the review focuses on the application progress of KSB in agricultural production, covering soil fertility enhancement and crop yield improvement, regulation of soil microbial community structure, enhancement of crop stress resistance, and improvement of the agro-ecological environment. Furthermore, the review explores the multifaceted application potential of KSB in the remediation of heavy metal contamination in mining areas, the restoration of soil fertility on mine lands, and the resource recovery of industrial waste. Finally, addressing the current bottlenecks, including limited strain resources, insufficient environmental adaptability, and the lack of long-term safety assessments, this review proposes future research directions and prospects from the perspectives of multi-source strain exploration and targeted improvement, development of multi-strain synergistic consortia, expansion of application scenarios, and establishment of industrial standards. This review aims to provide a reference for fundamental research and the industrial application of KSB.
Systematic Comparison of Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Efficacy Among Different Parts of Rosa odorata var. gigantea: Stems as a Sustainable Medicinal Alternative to Roots
Gugongguo (GGG) (Rosa odorata Sweet var. gigantea (Coll. et Hemsl.) Rehd. et Wils.) is a perennial evergreen climbing shrub of Rosaceae. Its roots have long been utilized in Yi ethnic traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders like dysentery and diarrhea with remarkable efficacy. However, roots account for a small proportion of the whole plant, and root harvesting causes massive waste of stem and branch resources. To explore stems as potential alternative medicinal parts, this study analyzed the chemical components of GGG roots, stems and fruits via UPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with GNPS molecular networking, determined total triterpenes and tannins contents by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, evaluated antidiarrheal activities using a castor oil-induced mouse model, and identified core bioactive components via Spearman correlation analysis. Results showed high chemical similarity between roots and stems (28 common components, complete triterpenoid overlap), with no significant differences in total triterpenes and tannins contents. Their small intestinal propulsion rates were comparable and significantly superior to that of fruits. Triterpenoids and tannins were identified as key bioactive components, with a high degree of overlap between roots and stems. This study confirms GGG stems as potential alternatives to roots, providing a scientific basis for improving resource utilization and promoting sustainable development of traditional medicinal resources.
Rosa odorata Sweet var. gigantea (Coll. et Hemsl.) Rehd. et Wils.
Mass Spectrometry Fragmentation Pathways
The Mechanism of Neuroinflammatory Response in the Pathogenesis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulatory Strategies
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pathogenesis. ADHD patients exhibit an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, abnormal activation of microglia and astrocytes and the oxidative stress-inflammation vicious cycle. Maternal immune activation and HPA axis disorder interfere with fetal neurodevelopment and also increase the risk. TCM believes that the pathogenesis of the ADHD is "kidney essence deficiency and marrow sea insufficiency", which deeply corresponds to the neuroinflammation framework. Chinese herbal monomers (such as baicalin, magnoculine, and eucommiine) and compound formulas (such as Anshen Dingzhi Ling, and Bu Shen Kai Qiao Fang) can regulate signaling pathways such as MAPK/NF-κB and NLRP3, inhibit glial cell activation, reduce pro-inflammatory factors, repair the blood-brain barrier, and improve ADHD-like behaviors. Acupuncture combined with conventional drugs can alleviate hyperactivity, impulsivity, and learning problems, but the quality of evidence needs to be improved. In the future, more high-quality evidence-based research needs to be explored.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Potential and Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease. Current therapeutic strategies mainly focus on symptom relief and are still unable to effectively halt disease progression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-repair capacities; however, direct cell transplantation remains limited by insufficient stability during in vitro expansion, potential safety risks, and difficulties in quality control. Recent studies have shown that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) can carry bioactive components, including proteins, lipids, mRNA, and miRNA, participate in intercellular communication, and exhibit promising therapeutic potential in OA. Compared with MSCs, MSC-EVs have advantages such as lower immunogenicity, easier storage, and greater suitability for engineering modification. This review summarizes the major mechanisms by which MSC-EVs may contribute to OA treatment, including regulation of inflammation and the synovial microenvironment, promotion of cartilage repair, modulation of immune responses, delay of chondrocyte senescence, and alleviation of pain. In addition, strategies such as surface-targeting modification, miRNA overexpression, hypoxic preconditioning, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound are discussed for their potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs. Although MSC-EVs show favorable prospects in OA treatment, their key bioactive components, quality standards, large-scale production, and clinical safety require further clarification.
The Evolving Role of Cardiac and Carotid Ultrasound in the Assessment of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Contemporary Review
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a significant contributor to vascular cognitive impairment, stroke, and functional decline in the aging population. Although brain MRI remains the diagnostic gold standard, its limitations in accessibility and early detection have necessitated the search for more widely available, non-invasive screening tools. This review synthesizes current evidence regarding the evolving role of cardiac and carotid artery ultrasonography in the assessment of CSVD. Echocardiographic parameters—particularly left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, left atrial dysfunction, and impaired diastolic filling—are consistently associated with a higher neuroimaging burden of CSVD and cognitive decline, independent of traditional risk factors. Carotid ultrasound metrics, including increased intima-media thickness, plaque burden, elevated pulsatility and stiffness indices, reduced end-diastolic velocity, and low wall shear stress, similarly correlate with lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, and enlarged perivascular spaces. Emerging evidence supports an integrated “cardiac-carotid-cerebral” hemodynamic axis, wherein dysfunction at the cardiac pump or large artery conduit level propagates microvascular injury. Combined multiparametric ultrasound profiles, enhanced by machine learning algorithms, show promise for early risk stratification and for distinguishing between CSVD etiologies. Future longitudinal studies and the standardization of advanced techniques (e.g., left atrial strain, carotid wall shear stress) are necessary to translate these ultrasound biomarkers into routine clinical practice and to test whether interventions aimed at improving cardiac or carotid function can slow the progression of CSVD.
Efficacy Analysis of Inhaled Nitric Oxide Combined with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation in the Treatment of Refractory OSA
Refractory obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as a difficult subtype in the field of sleep breathing disorders, has always been a key and difficult issue in the clinical management of respiratory and sleep medicine. The limitations of conventional continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for this type of patient are becoming increasingly prominent, and there is an urgent need to explore more optimized combination therapy options in clinical practice. This article focuses on the treatment pathway of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) combined with CPAP, and conducts a systematic analysis from four aspects: pathological and physiological mechanism compatibility, clinical efficacy, safety performance, and clinical application value. The aim is to clarify the logic and application prospects of the combined treatment plan for refractory OSA, provide theoretical reference for optimizing clinical treatment decisions, and provide ideological support for the improvement of relevant diagnosis and treatment standards in the future.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation
Progress and Clinical Application Value of Radiomics in Intratumoral and Peritumoral Regions of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. By extracting high-throughput features from medical images, radiomics non-invasively reveals tumor heterogeneity and provides new strategies for the precise diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Previous studies mainly focused on intratumoral features, while rarely explored the crucial role of peritumoral features in tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis. In recent years, intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics has gradually become a research hotspot. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics based on ultrasound, MRI, PET and mammography in benign and malignant differentiation, molecular subtyping, lymph node metastasis prediction and neoadjuvant chemotherapy response assessment of breast cancer. It aims to provide comprehensive imaging evidence for clinical practice and promote the improvement and optimization of precise medical models for breast cancer.
Research Progress of Fluorescent Probe Imaging Technology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer
As the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide, breast cancer requires early and accurate diagnosis, metastasis monitoring, and effective treatment to improve patient prognosis. Current diagnostic approaches mainly include imaging examinations (e.g., ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and mammography) as well as pathological examination, all of which have certain limitations. Thus, it is crucial to continuously explore novel, rapid, accurate, and minimally invasive diagnostic methods for breast cancer. Fluorescent probe imaging technology has garnered extensive attention in medical research due to its advantages of high tissue penetration, high sensitivity, non-invasiveness, and real-time visualization. Nanostructured probes, which possess excellent biocompatibility and remarkable physicochemical properties (including superior optical performance), have been extensively studied and reported in the field of breast cancer diagnosis, demonstrating broad application prospects.
Research on Tuberculosis Incidence Prediction Based on the ST-GNN Model
Tuberculosis (TB) Is a Chronic Infectious Disease Caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Its Epidemic Process Is Influenced by Long-Term Socioeconomic Differences, Population Mobility, and Metabolic and Behavioral Risk Factors, Exhibiting Significant Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in My Country. To More Accurately Characterize the Spatiotemporal Evolution of TB Incidence and Improve Predictive Performance, This Paper Constructs a Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Network (ST-GNN) Prediction Model Based on Monitoring Data from 31 Provincial-Level Administrative Regions in My Country. This Model Integrates Spatial Correlation, Temporal Dynamics, and Attention Mechanisms, and Incorporates a Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) Framework to Conduct Multi-Dimensional Risk Attribution Analysis. This Study Treats Provincial-Level Administrative Regions as Graph Nodes, Constructs a Spatial Association Network by Integrating Geographical Adjacency Relationships and Population Flow Information, Uses Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) to Learn Inter-Provincial Spatial Dependence Features, Employs Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs) to Characterize the Long-Term Dynamic Changes in Tuberculosis Incidence, and Introduces a Spatiotemporal Attention Mechanism to Enhance the Model's Ability to Identify Key Regions and Key Time Periods. Simultaneously, Bayesian Optimization Is Used to Automatically Adjust the Model's Hyperparameters to Improve Its Stability and Generalization Performance. Experimental Results Show That, Compared with Traditional Time Series Models and Various Deep Learning Models, the Constructed ST-GNN Model Exhibits Higher Prediction Accuracy and More Robust Spatiotemporal Feature Capture Capabilities Across Multiple Evaluation Metrics, and Can More Effectively Identify Regional Clustering Trends and Abnormal Fluctuations. Based on the Predictive Analysis, This Paper Uses the CRA Framework Proposed by the Global Burden of Disease Study to Conduct Attribution Analysis on Modifiable Risk Factors Such as High Body Mass Index (BMI), Smoking, and Insufficient Physical Activity. The Results Show That the Attribution Contributions of Different Risk Factors to Tuberculosis Incidence Vary Significantly Across Regions, with Some Behavioral and Metabolic-Related Factors Having a More Prominent Impact in High-Burden Areas. The Relevant Research Results Provide Quantitative Evidence for the Precise Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis, the Formulation of Regionally Differentiated Intervention Strategies, and the Rational Allocation of Public Health Resources.
Advances in Clinical Diagnosis and Monitoring of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a major cause of fragility fracture, disability, and loss of independence in older women. Although dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry remains the diagnostic cornerstone, bone mineral density alone does not fully reflect bone quality, remodeling activity, treatment response, or short-term fracture probability. This review summarizes evidence published from 2021 to 2025 on major tools used in the diagnosis and monitoring of postmenopausal osteoporosis, including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, trabecular bone score, vertebral-fracture assessment, quantitative computed tomography, bone turnover markers, FRAX-based risk assessment, and emerging molecular approaches such as circulating microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, and cell-free DNA. Current evidence favors a multimodal strategy in which imaging remains foundational, biochemical markers are used mainly for biological contextualization and treatment monitoring, and molecular biomarkers are developed as complementary rather than replacement tools.
Comparative Analysis of Drought Tolerance in Xindan Maize Varieties at the Seedling Stage under PEG-Induced Stress
Drought is a major constraint on maize production, particularly in the Huang–Huai–Hai region of China. This study aimed to evaluate drought resistance of newly developed maize varieties at the seedling stage. A 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution was used to simulate drought stress. Two maize varieties, Xindan 58 and Xindan 65, were analyzed for morphological and physiological traits, including plant height, primary root length, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (PRO), and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, POD, and SOD). The results reveal that drought stress significantly reduced plant height (21.6%–45.1%) and primary root length (30.8%–40.1%). Chlorophyll content decreased by 20.5%–29.2%. In contrast, proline content increased markedly (358.1%–4438.7%), and antioxidant enzyme activities were enhanced. MDA content showed a decreasing trend in most varieties. The magnitude of these responses differed among varieties. Overall, both Xindan 58 and Xindan 65 exhibited drought resistance at the seedling stage, with Xindan 58 showing a stronger tolerance. These findings provide useful information for drought-resistant maize breeding and variety selection.
Investigation of the Toxicity and Mechanisms of Acetyl Tributyl Citrate in Chronic Liver Injury Using Network Toxicology and Molecular Docking Techniques
Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) is a commonly used plasticizing agent. Recent studies have shown that long-term exposure to ATBC may cause liver injury, but the mechanism of injury still needs to be further studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the hepatotoxicity and potential mechanism of ATBC using network toxicology strategy. Two online sites, ADMETlab and ProTex, were used to search the toxic effects of acetyl-tributyl citrate. Then six databases, ChEMBL, STITCH, SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, TTD, OMIM, were used to search the toxic effects of acetyl-tributyl citrate. We identified 43 potential biomarkers associated with ATBC exposure and liver injury. Using comprehensive analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, we found that the targets of ATBC induced liver injury were mainly enriched in metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, organelle dysfunction, abnormal enzyme activity, and protein kinase signaling pathway disorders. Then we used Cytoscape software and STRING website optimization to highlight five core targets. Finally, we used molecular docking technology to combine these five core targets, and confirmed the high binding affinity of ATBC with the core targets. In summary, these results suggest that ATBC may induce liver injury through a closely related cascade of metabolism imbalance, organelle dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. On the basis of previous findings, this study confirmed that ATBC causes chronic liver injury, explored its injury mechanism, and provided a systematic and effective framework for researchers to evaluate the potential toxicity of various chemical products and medical devices.
Role of smpB in E. coli Antibiotic Sensitivity via CRISPR Interference
Multidrug-resistant bacteria are on the increase, which underscores the necessity of effective treatment. E. coli smpB gene encodes a system that helps in saving stalled ribosomes during translation stress, which could help the bacteria to survive in antibiotic stress by keeping the protein synthesis process going. The purpose of this research project was to determine whether CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) of smpB can make E. coli susceptible to antibiotics and modify cell growth under the experimental conditions. CRISPRi plasmids carrying two guide RNAs that target the smpB gene were cloned and transformed into E. coli strains LC-E75 and WM6026. Colony PCR and gel electrophoresis were used to check insertion and gave bands at the expected position of 416 bp. The sensitivity to antibiotics was then determined with disks of spectinomycin, chloramphenicol and a combination of both at low and medium concentration. The measurements of zones of inhibition were performed on 42 plates with various strains of E. coli and gRNA models. The results indicated that smpB-targeting CRISPRi was linked with higher antibiotic sensitivity in WM6026 strain compared to minimal impact in LC-E75 strain. A cell viability experiment in WM6026 indicated that CRISPRi activation did not have a significant impact on the growth without antibiotics. These results indicate that smpB can be involved in the antibiotic stress response and promote the continued research of the CRISPRi-based studies of bacterial genes.
Meta-analysis of the Impact of Age on Hypertension Prevalence among Adult Residents in China
In this work, a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the association between age and hypertension prevalence among adult residents in China. By searching databases including CNKI, Wanfang Medical Database, and VIP from January 2001 to December 2016, cross-sectional studies on hypertension prevalence in Chinese adults were retrieved. After screening literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracting data, and assessing quality, a total of 10 studies with a combined sample size of 99,470 individuals were included. Meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software revealed that the hypertension prevalence in the group aged <45 years was significantly lower than that in middle-aged and elderly groups, with the highest prevalence observed in the group aged >65 years. Statistically significant differences in prevalence rates were noted among different age groups (subgroup test χ²=182.29, P<0.00001), with a prevalence difference of 0.27 (95% CI: 0.21-0.32) between the <45 years and >65 years groups. This study highlights that hypertension prevalence among adult residents in China increases significantly with age, indicating that the elderly population represents a key focus for hypertension prevention and control efforts. Stratified intervention strategies tailored to different age groups are warranted to address this public health challenge effectively.
Advances and Prospects in the Application of Modern Biological Techniques in Forensic Science
With the rapid advancement of biological technologies, their application in forensic science has become increasingly widespread, serving as a crucial pillar for case investigation and judicial identification. This paper systematically reviews the progress in the application of DNA technology, proteomics, and microbiological techniques in forensic science. It compares the advantages and limitations of various technologies and explores the prospects for their integrated application. The study indicates that DNA extraction and analysis techniques, protein mass spectrometry imaging, and microbiome analysis hold significant value in individual identification, time-of-death estimation, bodily fluid identification, and drowning diagnosis. Research indicates that methods such as DNA extraction and analysis, protein mass spectrometry imaging, and microbiome analysis hold significant value in individual identification, time-of-death estimation, bodily fluid identification, and drowning diagnosis. Looking ahead, the integration of automation, artificial intelligence, and multi-omics technologies will propel forensic biology towards greater efficiency, precision, and intelligence, providing stronger scientific foundations for judicial practice.
Exploration and Innovation Research on Adolescent Depression Assisted by Biomedical Imaging Equipment
The prevalence of depression among Chinese adolescents is gradually rising. After being evaluated using subjective scales in hospitals, they undergo drug treatment. Nevertheless, this approach still cannot fully guarantee an effective reduction in the depression rate among adolescents. Therefore, in situations where the side - effects are prominent and there are cases of secondary relapses, avoiding drug standardization and shifting from subjective assessment scales as the diagnostic method have become the impetus for exploring new technologies. According to the survey results of some scholars, the incorporation and intervention of AI imaging technology can better assist adolescents in reducing the risks associated with depression treatment and render the results more objective. Subsequently, through assessment, decisions can be made regarding the use of drug treatment or intervention through other means.
Influencing Factors and Intervention Strategies for Psychological Insulin Resistance in Community-Based Patients with Diabetes Receiving Insulin Therapy
Psychological Insulin Resistance (PIR) is a major psychological barrier for community-dwelling patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to initiate and maintain insulin therapy, manifesting as difficulties in treatment initiation, injection-related fear and anxiety, disease cognition and belief biases, and psychosocial distress. PIR is influenced by multiple factors: at the patient level, including sociodemographic characteristics, personality traits, and health literacy; at the disease and treatment level, involving the complexity of treatment regimens; at the social environment level, encompassing family support and sociocultural factors; and at the iatrogenic and health system level, relating to the quality of physician-patient communication and accessibility of healthcare resources. Assessment tools include the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale (ITAS), the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS), and the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS). Community-based intervention strategies should integrate behavioral change techniques (motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, empowerment education), construct social support systems (family support, peer support), and optimize service models (shared decision-making, information technology, simplified treatment regimens). Future research should explore the integration of psychological interventions into family doctor contract services to improve the quality of community diabetes management.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Hypomethylating Agents in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral cytopenias, and an increased risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Increasing evidence indicates that immune dysregulation and chronic inflammatory signaling play critical roles in the pathogenesis and progression of MDS. Hypomethylating agents (HMAs), particularly azacitidine and decitabine, remain the backbone of treatment for patients with higher-risk disease. Beyond their canonical epigenetic effects, HMAs exert broad immunomodulatory activities that influence both innate and adaptive immunity. These agents can activate endogenous retroviral elements, induce viral mimicry, and enhance antigen presentation, thereby improving immune recognition of malignant cells. In addition, HMAs modulate the function of multiple immune cell populations, including natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, ultimately reshaping the bone marrow immune microenvironment. However, clinical responses to HMAs remain heterogeneous, and treatment resistance frequently develops. A better understanding of the immunological basis of HMA activity may facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies, particularly rational combination approaches with immunotherapy. This review summarizes current knowledge of immune dysregulation in MDS and discusses the immunomodulatory mechanisms and therapeutic implications of HMAs.
Predictive Value of The Lactate-to-Albumin Ratio for 28-Day and 90-Day Mortality in Patients with Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy
Background/Objectives: To investigate the utility of the lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR) as a novel clinical risk stratification tool for predicting 28-day and 90-day mortality in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC). Methods: We identified patients meeting Sepsis-3 and International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) SIC criteria from the MIMIC-IV database. The cohort was stratified into high-LAR (n=1,343) and low-LAR (n=1,344) groups based on the median value (M=0.805). Baseline characteristics were analyzed, and survival patterns were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to detect nonlinear relationships, while threshold effect analysis identified specific inflection points. Predictive performance was quantified using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: Baseline and Kaplan–Meier analyses revealed significantly elevated mortality risks in the high-LAR group compared to the low-LAR group (28-day: 50.89% vs 32.39%, P < 0.001; 90-day: 64.14% vs 46.91%, P < 0.001; log-rank P < 0.0001). Multivariable Cox regression confirmed LAR as an independent risk factor for SIC outcomes (28-day: HR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.06–1.16, P < 0.001; 90-day: HR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.08–1.17, P < 0.001). The AUCs for 28-day and 90-day mortality were 0.64 (95% CI: 0.62–0.66) and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.61–0.65), respectively. RCS and threshold analyses indicated a nonlinear association; below an inflection point of approximately 1.5, mortality risk increased progressively with rising LAR (28-day: LAR < 1.56, HR=1.42, P=0.002; 90-day: LAR < 1.50, HR=1.42, P < 0.001). Conclusions: LAR is an independent risk factor for both 28-day and 90-day mortality in patients with SIC and serves as a practical tool for early clinical risk stratification.
The Value of Cytokines in Assessing the Severity of CAP
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is a common clinical infectious disease. Once it progresses to severe illness, the risk of mortality significantly increases. Therefore, early and accurate assessment of disease severity is of great significance for improving prognosis. In recent years, research on cytokines has gradually emerged. This article focuses on elucidating the value of cytokines in evaluating the severity of CAP. Cytokines have high value in determining the severity of CAP. Clinically, they can guide physicians in their judgment and have certain value in improving patient prognosis.
Effects of Erjing Pill on Serum Hormone Levels and Bone Histomorphology in Rats with Osteoporosis
Objective: To investigate the effects of Erjing Pill on serum sex hormone levels, bone mineral density, and learning and memory function in rats with osteoporosis, and to provide experimental evidence for its potential role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and related cognitive impairment. Methods: Female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a sham-operated group, model group, alendronate sodium group, and Erjing Pill group. Except for the sham-operated group, all rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy to establish a postmenopausal osteoporosis model. One week after surgery, rats in the treatment groups received alendronate sodium or Erjing Pill intervention for 12 weeks. After treatment, femoral bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Histopathological changes in femoral bone tissue were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Serum levels of estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Learning and memory function were evaluated using the Morris water maze test. Results: Compared with the sham-operated group, rats in the model group showed decreased serum E2 levels, abnormal changes in LH, FSH, and GnRH levels, significantly reduced bone mineral density, and marked histopathological damage in femoral bone tissue, characterized by sparse and thinned trabeculae, disorganized arrangement, and partial trabecular fracture (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, both the alendronate sodium group and the Erjing Pill group showed varying degrees of improvement in serum sex hormone levels, increased bone mineral density, and alleviated bone histopathological damage. Notably, Erjing Pill exhibited significant effects in regulating hormone levels and improving bone microstructure (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Erjing Pill can improve sex hormone imbalance, increase bone mineral density, and attenuate histopathological bone damage in osteoporotic rats. Its protective effects may be related to endocrine regulation and delayed bone loss. Erjing Pill may represent a promising traditional Chinese medicine intervention for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Research on the Mechanism of Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Delivering circ-Snhg11 to Promote Diabetic Wound Healing
Background: The ability of BMSC-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) to accelerate diabetic wound healing has been observed, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.Methods: Differential expression of circRNA in skin tissue before and after exosome treatment was analyzed using second-generation sequencing technology. The targeting relationship between circRNA and downstream targets was detected using a luciferase reporter gene assay. Results: Exosome treatment significantly promoted diabetic wound healing. NGS results indicated that circ-Snhg11 was involved in exosome-mediated tissue repair. Knockdown of circ-Snhg11 attenuated the effect of exosomes on accelerating diabetic wound healing. Luciferase reporter gene data confirmed the targeting interaction between circ-Snhg11, SLC7A11, and miR-144-3p. Conclusion: BMSC-Exos promote diabetic wound healing by delivering circ-Snhg11, which is related to the regulation of endothelial cell ferroptosis mediated by SLC7A11/GPX4.
RAB7A in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Key Regulator of Autophagy-Lysosome Dynamics and Cellular Signaling
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the head and neck region. Despite advances in treatment, its prognosis has remained poor over the years, largely due to its high invasiveness and resistance to therapy. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying OSCC initiation and progression is essential for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the role of Ras-related protein Rab-7a (RAB7A) in various tumors and explores its potential functions in OSCC. We also discuss RAB7A-related research in oral diseases such as periodontitis and highlight its key role in regulating autophagic homeostasis and inflammatory responses via post-translational modifications. Furthermore, given the abnormal activation of signaling pathways such as Hippo/Yes-associated protein (Hippo/YAP), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in OSCC, we infer the possibility that RAB7A may contribute to OSCC progression by mediating intracellular transport and integrating signals from these pathways. Overall, RAB7A serves as a pivotal hub molecule linking the autophagy-lysosome system to oncogenic signaling pathways. In-depth investigation of its role in OSCC is expected to provide precise target sites for targeted drug development, offer new insights into clinical combination therapy, and clarify the core function of RAB7A in the molecular regulatory network of OSCC, thereby establishing a direct association between autophagy regulatory pathways and OSCC progression.