International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences
International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences (IJBLS) is a peer-reviewed journal published by Darcy & Roy Press. The mission of the journal is to provide an academic forum for discussing the issues of biology, medicine, health, life sciences across the world. All articles published are rigorously and fast reviewed meeting the Journal Quality standards.
Antibiotic-Substituting Effect and Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Polysaccharides in Livestock and Poultry Breeding
Inappropriate antibiotic use in livestock and poultry breeding has caused grave issues such as drug resistance, environmental pollution and food safety concerns. As a natural bioactive polymer substance, Chinese herbal polysaccharides have been used in the traditional Chinese medicinal plants and have been found to be potential antibiotic alternatives. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the Chinese herbal polysaccharides and their effects and mechanisms of action on substituting antibiotics in animal husbandry. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) and Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS) are the major polysaccharides discussed. The mechanisms are discussed in four aspects: immunomodulation via TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway; regulation of the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and decrease the pathogens; antioxidant activity through Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway; anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Experimental evidence shows that optimal supplementation of these polysaccharides significantly improves the growth performance parameters like average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), immune organ indices, serum immunoglobulin levels and intestinal morphology. These results suggest that Chinese herbal polysaccharides are potential, safe, and renewable alternatives for the current animal production with antibiotics.
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The Application of Probiotics in the Improvement of Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) clusters central obesity, dysglycaemia, atherogenic dyslipidaemia and hypertension, and its rising global prevalence demands innovative preventive strategies. This narrative review critically examines the tri-directional interplay between probiotics, gut microbiota and host metabolism, and evaluates whether targeted live-microbe interventions can serve as a safe, low-cost adjunct to standard care. The progression from early animal observations to recent multicentre human trials is traced, and evidence that select lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and next-generation commensals modulate short-chain-fatty-acid signalling, bile-acid metabolism and mucosal immunity, thereby simultaneously improving insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and low-grade inflammation, is consolidated. Particular attention is given to strain-specific functionalities, the influence of baseline microbiota and diet, and the conceptual shift from universal supplementation to precision formulations. Current limitations, including short follow-up, small sample sizes and absence of hard clinical end-points—are discussed, and a roadmap for future large-scale, endpoint-driven studies is proposed. Overall, mechanistic and clinical findings converge to support the integration of tailored probiotics into comprehensive MetS management, but translational success will require multidisciplinary collaboration, standardized manufacturing and personalized algorithms.
Comprehensive Management of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injury: From Conservative Treatment to Surgical Intervention
Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury is a common cause of ulnar wrist pain and distal radioulnar joint instability, severely affecting patients' grip strength and daily function. Currently, diagnosis relies primarily on clinical assessment combined with imaging examinations, including X-ray, ultrasound, MRI, and arthrography. However, these methods still have limitations in sensitivity and specificity, while wrist arthroscopy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis. Treatment strategies need to be individualized based on Palmer classification and joint stability. Arthroscopic techniques have become the mainstream treatment method, including debridement, suture repair, insertion point reconstruction, and Wafer procedure. Among these, the Wafer procedure combined with TFCC insertion point reconstruction has shown good efficacy in treating complex injuries complicated by ulnar impingement. In recent years, biological therapies such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection have gained increasing attention due to their potential to promote tissue repair, and the application of radiomics and artificial intelligence has also provided new directions for precision diagnosis. This article reviews the progress in the treatment of TFCC injuries, aiming to provide a reference for individualized and precise clinical treatment to optimize wrist joint function recovery.
Exploration of the Pathway of College Students' Healthy Eating Habits Based on the Theory of Physical Identity Recognition
With the development of society and lifestyle changes, the dietary habits of contemporary college students exhibit the phenomenon of "three highs and one low" (high calories, high fat, high sugar, and low dietary fiber), which further promotes the trend of chronic diseases becoming more prevalent among younger people. Meanwhile, the proportion of ethnic minority students in universities has been increasing year by year, resulting in greater attention being paid to the dietary habits of ethnic minorities. Health management for ethnic minorities has also become a significant concern. Current research is mostly limited to a single perspective and lacks targeted improvement measures for universities. The theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) regarding body constitution can precisely reflect individual differences in health and disease tendencies, providing a theoretical basis for personalized health guidance. This paper focuses on the current situation of college students' diet, and analyzes the causes of the problem from four aspects: family income, school family education, social factors and personal psychological influence. Regarding the measures taken by universities and the cross-border integration, the article proposes a "university - society - family" tripartite collaboration mechanism, and combines the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine's body constitution to establish a student health file and formulate personalized health guidance plans. This measure provides a practical way to inherit Traditional Chinese Medicine culture, improve college students' physical fitness, and improve the accuracy of college health management.
The Negative Impact of Poor Dietary Habits on Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Adolescents
With the development of economy, the structure of China's dietary consumption has undergone significant improvement, and the adolescents’ nutritional health has become a key focus of attention. However, the past approaches that could addressed iron deficiency anemia in adolescents have been limited to supplementary method, for example, adding iron supplements to their diet is one of them. Therefore, this paper systematically analyzes the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among adolescents. What is more, it also analyzes the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and daily dietary habits. In this paper, epidemiological studies, nutritional literature, and public health policy data are used in this paper. Exploring feasible pathways for preventing and improving iron deficiency anemia through dietary structure optimization is the focus of this study. The aim of this study is to improve the issue of iron deficiency anemia among adolescents by adjusting daily dietary habits. It elucidates the impact of poor eating patterns on iron deficiency anemia in adolescents. In terms of solution approaches, this study offers new perspectives and methods for addressing iron deficiency anemia in adolescents. It not only considers the adolescents' own perspectives, but also uses family and societal viewpoints, providing fresh insights into tackling this issue.
The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on the Human Gut Microbiota
The human gut microbiota is a crucial regulator of nutrient metabolism, immune function, and even influences psychological status through gut-brain communication. Strategies targeting gut microbiota as adjunct approaches to aid in conventional pharmacotherapy, while supplements such as prebiotics and probiotics are gaining markets due to consumer’s growing awareness on the health benefits of desirable gut microbiota pattern. This paper summarizes the effects of leading lifestyle factors, dietary intake and physical activity, on the composition and function of human gut microbiota. It addresses the need for standardized research designs to improve cross-study comparability and consensus. Dietary patterns and nutrient sources have profound influences on gut microbiota composition through supporting substrate and introduction of new species. The mechanisms of physical activity impacting gut microbiota composition are not well-understood, while the synergistic effects with diet should be acknowledged. Personalized lifestyle interventions targeting the gut microbiota are recognized as a compelling strategy to address precision health. Since diet and physical activity are crucial modulators of the human gut microbiota, understanding their independent effects and interactions provide a foundation for developing microbiota-targeted lifestyle interventions and guiding personalized approaches to improve health outcomes.
The Influence of Probiotics on Middle-aged and Senior People
With the growth of the requirement of Chinese people for a healthy diet, the exacerbation of the aging population, and the younger trend of the “three highs”, “three highs” has become the main diseases which endanger the health of middle-aged and senior people. However, most of the middle-aged and senior people have poor medication compliance and side effects of most medicine, it has become a new idea to assist in regulating the “three highs” by probiotics, which have effects on improving intestinal health, regulating metabolic function, and regulating immune function. In this text, the subjects we are going to study are Lactobacillus acidophilus, probiotic Probio-X, and other strains that are used to assist in the regulation of hypertension. Synergistic effect of probiotics and organisms like Lactobacillus mucinus Roy SD586, Akkermansia muciniphila, and others assist in regulating hyperglycemia. The synergistic network made by probiotic construction enzymes and metabolites assists in the regulation of hyperlipidemia. To confirm that probiotics can assist in regulating the "three highs" in these three ways. However, in existing studies, there are still some problems, such as strong strain specificity, a lack of sample size, and a lack of specificity for middle-aged and elderly patients. The article suggests that doctors should choose probiotics with strong colonization ability and design personalized probiotic diet intervention programs for patients in combination with their individual conditions. Scientists should expand the sample size, search for the synergy between probiotics and medicine, and develop research for middle-aged and elderly people to provide intervention programs with more scientificity and security.
A Multi-dimensional Analysis of Childhood Obesity: Interplay of Genetics, Behavior and Environment
This study aims, through empirical investigation, to systematically identify the key drivers of obesity among children under 14 years of age. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among [sample size] children and their primary caregivers in [study area]. Data were collected across five domains—genetic/physiological characteristics, dietary behaviour, physical activity, psychosocial factors, and external environments—by integrating questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and selected objective indicators. The results demonstrate that paediatric obesity is produced by the confluence of multiple influences. Dietary behaviours (e.g., frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and intake of energy-dense snacks) and a sedentary lifestyle (daily screen time) exhibited the strongest direct associations with adiposity. Household context—particularly parental feeding beliefs and overall domestic dietary practices—emerged as the pivotal intermediary through which these behaviours are shaped. Genetic susceptibility (proxied by parental obesity history) and insufficient sleep constituted an important background risk. Overall, the findings confirm that childhood obesity is nested within a “risk ecology” comprising proximal behaviours, family-level interactions, and distal environmental conditions. Effective interventions must therefore adopt an integrated strategy that couples individual behaviour modification with family-centred support and environmental restructuring as core components.
Assessment of the Relationship Between Clean Energy Share and Air Quality Improvement in the Yangtze River Delta Region
The Yangtze River Delta uses a lot of coal, and it is also building clean energy fast, so it is a key area for China’s energy shift and air cleanup. This paper looks at all studies on clean energy share and air gain in the region, and it lists three main links: first, direct smoke cuts; second, indirect help from plant upgrades and tech spillovers; third, policy push. The results show that more clean energy clearly cuts PM2.5, but its effect on ozone is not steady, because weather and place differences change the outcome. Recent work cares more about small areas, many pollutants, and new math tools. Yet clear gaps remain: city differences are ignored, tech types are not studied enough, ozone change steps are not well tracked, and smoke from other provinces is under-counted. Future work should add city and tech gap checks and look at cross-border smoke. This review gathers the scattered proof, sorts out where views agree or differ, and gives a clear guide for regional low-carbon steps and air management.
Spatial Synergies Between Blue-Green Infrastructure and Urban Renewable Energy Systems
With rapid urbanization, cities are facing increasing challenges because of limited space, growing infrastructure loads, and rising requirement for renewable energy. In order to achieve ecological-energy synergies within limited urban space, more and more attention has been paid to the integration of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) with urban renewable energy system (RES) through intelligent design and spatial planning, and many explorations have been demonstrated. In this paper, the BGI-RES integrations have been classified into embedded, shared-space, ecologically coupled and network-based types based on the different synergic ways, and the recent advancements have been comprehensively summarized, respectively. Moreover, these approaches have been comparatively discussed from spatial suitability and trade-offs between ecologic, energy, and social performance. The main barriers have been pointed out, and the future directions for sustainable development have been proposed from the aspects of system planning-oriented integration, multi-dimensional evaluations and policy support for practice. This systematic review aims to provide a foundational framework and insightful guidance for researchers, planners, and policymakers engaged in creating more sustainable, resilient, and synergistically efficient urban environments for the future.
Bioinformatic Analysis of the Soybean MYB Transcription Factor Family
Soybean (Glycine max) is an important grain and oil crop worldwide, and its yield and adaptability are regulated by multiple transcription factors. The MYB transcription factor family plays key roles in plant growth and development, secondary metabolism, and stress responses. In this study, 62 GmMYB genes were systematically identified based on soybean whole-genome data. Their conserved domains, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, and three-dimensional protein structures were then analyzed. The results showed that GmMYB proteins could be divided into three subfamilies, namely 2R-MYB, 1R-MYB, and ZNF-1R-MYB, with 2R-MYB being the predominant type. Conserved motif analysis showed that Motifs 1-4 were the core motifs of R2R3-MYB proteins and were present in most members. Three-dimensional structure prediction indicated that all GmMYB proteins mainly adopted random-coil/beta-turn conformations, whereas alpha-helices accounted for 37%-40% and formed the structural framework for DNA-binding function. Some members differed in helical proportion and flexible regions, which may be related to their functional divergence. This study provides a theoretical basis for functional analysis of soybean MYB transcription factors and stress-resistance breeding.
Differences in Gel Properties of Soy Protein Induced by Fermentation with Different Lactic Acid Bacteria and Comparative Analysis of Related Genomes
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a crucial role in the formation and functional property regulation of soy protein gels. However, significant differences exist in the effects of different strains on gel properties, and the underlying molecular-level differences have not been fully elucidated. In this study, eight LAB strains commonly used in food production, including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis, and Streptococcus thermophilus, were selected to systematically evaluate five core texture indicators of fermented soy protein gels: hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness. Meanwhile, combined with the genome sequencing data of each strain, the differences in the effects of different strains on gel texture were compared, and functional enrichment analysis was performed on differentially expressed coding genes. The results showed that the eight LAB strains exhibited differences in the number of coding genes and unique genes in carbohydrate-related pathways, nucleotide metabolism pathways, lysine/arginine biosynthesis pathways, and ABC transporter pathways, and the induced gels also showed different texture properties. This study not only reveals the significant differences in texture properties of soy protein gels induced by different LAB strains but also further clarifies the core root factor regulating gel properties, namely the differences in strain coding genes. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical reference and key research entry point for the subsequent directional improvement of soy protein gel properties through precise regulation of strain genes.
Application of the Mediterranean Diet in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Crohn's Disease: Clinical Efficacy and Potential Mechanisms
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Crohn's Disease (CD) are highly prevalent chronic gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Conventional pharmacological treatments are limited by insufficient efficacy and high recurrence rates, making dietary intervention a core approach for nonpharmacological management. The Mediterranean diet, centered on high plant based foods, olive oil, and fermented foods, exhibits anti inflammatory properties and the ability to regulate the gut microbiota. This paper systematically reviews the clinical evidence for the Mediterranean diet in the management of IBS and CD, elucidates its potential mechanisms through modulating the gut microecology, repairing the mucosal barrier, and inhibiting inflammatory pathways. It also analyzes the limitations of this dietary pattern in clinical application, and proposes directions for localized optimization and individualized adjustment, aiming to provide theoretical support for the dietary management of chronic gastrointestinal diseases.
Advances in Biotechnology for α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Research
Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are effective agents for managing postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). With the increasing demand for safe and natural hypoglycemic compounds, biotechnology-based approaches have become crucial for the discovery and development of novel AGIs. This article reviews recent research progress of biotechnology in the development of natural AGIs from the following aspects. Firstly, the microbial sources of natural AGIs are constantly expanding, with a large number of AGIs reported from medicinal fungi, edible fungi, probiotics, and endophytic fungi in plants. Meanwhile, studies on using fermentation and enzymatic biotransformation to enhance the content and bioactivity of natural AGIs in medicinal plants have achieved significant progress. In addition, advanced technologies such as metabolomic analysis, synthetic biology, and high-throughput targeted screening have been widely applied in natural AGIs research. The integrated application of these biotechnological approaches facilitates the discovery of potent and safe AGIs, promoting their industrial application and potential value in T2DM management.
Study on the Effects of Bile Salts on Production Performance and Lipid Metabolism of Simmental Crossbred Cattle
This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of supplementing different doses of bile salts in the diet on the production performance, blood biochemical indicators, and antioxidant capacity of Simmental crossbred cattle. Eighty healthy Simmental crossbred bulls with similar body weight and age were selected and randomly divided into four groups under identical feeding conditions: a control group and three experimental groups (I, II, III), with 20 bulls per group, comprising 10 replicates of 2 bulls each. The diets were supplemented with 0, 15, 25, and 35 mg/kg DM of bile salts, respectively, while maintaining equivalent net energy for gain and crude protein levels. After a 10-day pre-trial period and a 30-day formal trial period (40 days total), the average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI), blood indicators, blood biochemical indicators, and antioxidant indicators were determined for each group. The results showed that dry matter intake increased in all supplemented groups compared to the control, peaking in the 25 mg/kg group. The ADG was highest in the 25 mg/kg group, showing a 9.09% increase compared to the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 25–35 mg/kg of bile salts improved the lipid metabolism status of beef cattle and showed a positive regulatory trend on production performance. Regarding blood indicators, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the 35 mg/kg group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and bile acid levels showed an upward trend across all supplemented groups. No significant differences were observed in the antioxidant indicators among the groups (P > 0.05). The results indicate that dietary supplementation with 25–35 mg/kg of bile salts can improve the lipid metabolism status of beef cattle and exhibits a positive regulatory trend on production performance.
Research on Preprocessing and Downstream Analysis of Single-Cell Transcriptome Data Based on Seurat and Harmony
To systematically decipher the biological information embedded in single-cell transcriptomic data, this study utilized the 10X Genomics PBMC 3k dataset as the research subject and integrated the Seurat package in R with the Harmony algorithm to conduct a comprehensive analytical workflow—from raw count matrices to cell annotation and differential expression analysis. The study first applied quality filtering at both gene and cell levels to remove low-quality data, followed by effective batch effect correction using the Harmony algorithm. Subsequent steps included linear dimensionality reduction via PCA, non-linear dimensionality reduction through UMAP, and cell clustering based on Shared Nearest Neighbor (SNN) graph partitioning. Cell type identification was accomplished by combining automated annotation with SingleR and manual validation via marker genes, ultimately leading to the screening of differentially expressed genes across distinct cell subpopulations. Results demonstrated that after quality filtering, 4,200 high-quality cells and 25,000 valid genes were retained; the Harmony algorithm completely eliminated batch biases between stimulated and control groups. Clustering at a resolution of 0.8 yielded 11 biologically meaningful PBMC subpopulations, successfully identifying major immune cell types—such as T cells, B cells, and monocytes—along with their characteristic marker genes. The established single-cell transcriptomic data analysis pipeline provides a robust methodological framework for resolving cellular heterogeneity and characterizing feature genes of cell subtypes, thereby laying a data foundation for functional studies of immune cells.
Crop genetic engineering has moved well beyond conventional breeding. Researchers now routinely rewrite plant genomes with nucleotide precision, though the underlying biology still resists easy transfer. This review traces how the tools work, where they have succeeded, and where they fall short. A particular focus is the tension between Agrobacterium-mediated delivery and host defense—plants recognize the pathogen through pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), and resistant accessions may mount effector-triggered immunity (ETI), either response capable of aborting transformation. We also contrast the error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway with template-dependent homology-directed repair (HDR), which remains inefficient in most species.The field has produced scattered but tangible outcomes: CLE promoter editing raises maize yields; base editing yields herbicide-resistant oilseed rape; HDR-derived rice tolerates glyphosate; and metabolic engineering pushes vitamin C higher in tomatoes. Looking ahead, speed breeding merged with precise editing, multiplex engineering, and AI-guided design could push agriculture toward greater sustainability. These advances suggest genetic engineering is becoming indispensable—for food security and for reducing environmental harm.
Research on New Strategies and Applications for Solar Power Generation
Environmental pollution and energy depletion pose a threat to the development of human society, and the development of clean energy has become a global consensus. As a dominant clean energy technology, solar photovoltaic power generation technology has achieved a series of important achievements in areas such as materials science, advanced equipment, and control systems in recent years. Current research mainly focuses on system construction and cost reduction. An in-depth analysis of the domestic and international research progress and current status of solar photovoltaic power generation technology is provided, and the application progress of photovoltaic power generation technology is comprehensively discussed in this paper. Finally, the future development prospects of photovoltaic power generation technology are summarized , elaborated and a reference and basis for related research and development in the field of new energy are provided.
The Current Status and Influencing Factors of Malnutrition in Children and Adolescents
By looking at the present situation of malnutrition among children and adolescents around the world and in China, the paper analyzed the principal elements that led to adolescent malnutrition and existing research had shown that diseases brought about by malnutrition like stunted growth and obesity were common among adolescents all over the world and among them, "hidden hunger" deserved special attention because it was present in various physical issues resulting from malnutrition and the elements affecting malnutrition mainly covered five areas: eating habits, living style, physical well - being, social surroundings, and mental state and the study would explain these five aspects and suggest efficient ways to intervene in adolescent malnutrition at the family, school, and social levels according to these elements and the findings showed that the malnutrition issue among children and adolescents in China had complicated features such as the coexistence of nutritional shortages and overweight/obesity as well as widespread lack of trace elements and the chief influencing elements included diet structure, living pattern, physical health condition, social environment, and mental health which also differed among different age groups and interacted with one another and based on this knowledge, interventions should be coordinated at multiple levels including family, school, society, and the public health system to deal with malnutrition issues in diverse situations.
Ice Preparation Technology: Research Progress and Trend Analysis
Ice production technology is a critical foundational technology supporting essential areas such as food preservation and pharmaceutical storage and processing, as well as industrial applications including artificial snowmaking and cooling of precision instruments. The quality and efficiency of ice production directly affect the safety, stability, and economic viability of related industries. This paper systematically reviews current mainstream and emerging ice production technologies, covering various types such as high-efficiency direct-contact freezing, vapor-compression freezing, and novel vacuum-freezing methods. The vacuum-freezing approach compares different methods in terms of energy consumption, output capacity, and application scope. It discusses how factors such as ice quality, shape, and melting rate influence performance, and outlines specific applications for each method, including food preservation, medical fields, and refrigeration. In summary, this study examines existing shortcomings in current ice-making technologies regarding energy efficiency, product quality assurance, and adaptability to diverse needs, aiming to lay the foundation for future improvements, development, and broader applications in other fields.
Research Progress on the Preparation of Natural α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Diabetes is one of the major diseases that seriously affect human life and health, especially as it can cause a variety of complications such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, and neurological diseases, imposing a heavy burden on the quality of life and economy of patients. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are important drugs for treating diabetes because they can directly act on α-glucosidase (AG) to decompose carbohydrates in food into glucose, so as to achieve targeted regulation of blood sugar levels. Commonly used clinical drugs, such as acarbose, often have side effects such as gastrointestinal adverse reactions and liver function damage during long-term use. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new AGIs with higher efficiency and lower side effects. Researches on natural AGIs have gained global attention in recent years, since they have the advantages of wide availability, relatively more safety and low side effects. Typically, the sources of natural AGIs include extracting from natural plants or generating by microbial fermentation and enzymatic catalysis. This article reviewed the major advancements in both areas in recent years, including the utilization of green solvent extraction techniques and novel screening and separation methods for enhancing the efficiency of extraction and screening of natural AGIs substances, the application of biotechnologies for screening of microorganisms with natural AGIs from both microbial and food sources for expanding the resource pool of natural AGIs.
Fusion Innovation Research Progress of Flexible Bio-MEMS Sensors and Intelligent Algorithms
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and human-computer interaction technologies, there is an urgent demand for the high-fidelity acquisition and accurate interpretation of human physiological information. However, traditional rigid sensors fail to address the mechanical mismatch with biological tissues. Although flexible electronic devices achieve conformal contact, their inherent signal drift, nonlinear response and hysteresis effects exceed the capability of traditional linear algorithms, which limits the application of wearable technologies in complex scenarios. To solve the limitations of hardware and software, innovations of flexible bio-MEMS (Bio-Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) in materials, device design, preparation technologies and integration, combined with artificial intelligence algorithms, provide effective solutions. This paper systematically reviews the latest research progress in this field: at the hardware level, it analyzes the innovative breakthroughs in materials such as transient electronics and nanocomposites, the structural innovations of bionic micro-nano structures (e.g., cilia arrays, synergistic cracks) in resolving the performance contradictions of sensors, and the engineering value of advanced processes such as micro-transfer printing and full 3D printing in realizing batch and high-precision manufacturing of devices. At the algorithm level, aiming at the pain points of physiological signals such as high noise and large individual differences, it discusses the applications of classical signal processing algorithms and neural network & deep learning algorithms (CNN, LSTM, etc.) in the processing of electromyography (EMG), electrocardiography (ECG) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals. It focuses on analyzing the effectiveness of Focal Loss optimization and attention mechanisms in dealing with class imbalance and cross-subject data, and elaborates on the transformation of artificial intelligence from a back-end "data analysis tool" to a front-end "booster" for sensor performance. Finally, this paper proposes the development direction toward "Hardware-Software Co-design" and "integration of sensing, storage and computing", and emphasizes the necessity of shifting algorithms from supervised classification to unsupervised "Anomaly Detection" under the background of sparse pathological data.
The Application of a Low FODMAP Diet in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disease that has a high morbidity worldwide, and the conventional interventions are not usually effective in addressing the dietary triggers. This work thoroughly examined the classification and pathogenesis of FODMAPs, assess the clinical effectiveness of low-FODMAP diets as a stand-alone treatment and its integration with probiotics, antidiarrheals, spasmolytics and psychological therapies of the IBS, and further developed customized and targeted dietary modification interventions, which balance symptom management and nutritional requirements of special populations such as children, the elderly, pregnant women and diabetic patients with complicated IBS through integration of the physiological properties and nutritional preferences of the respective populations. Findings indicated that the low-FODMAP diet alone demonstrated a total symptom-reduction rate of 71 per cent in patients with IBS regions and that multi-modal interventions were even more effective and prevented relapse. The low-FODMAP diet is non-pharmacological, safe and effective in reducing IBS, and tailored schemes (depending on population factors) are favorable towards the promotion of the dieting in clinical settings.
Targeted Dietary Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Crohn‘s Disease: From Mechanisms to Engineered Solutions
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of complex etiology, and current treatment methods have limitations. Diet, a basic environmental factor affecting gut microbiota, faces intervention and translation challenges. From a food science and engineering perspective, a systematic literature review is used in this study to evaluate targeted dietary intervention evidence in Crohn's disease management, assess clinical translation challenges, and explore engineering-based solutions. The findings indicate that existing intervention strategies are challenging to implement in practical settings. People react in different ways, traditional oral formulations have delivery problems, and lack of enough strong clinical data. The research indicates that overcoming these challenges requires the creation of an innovative framework that integrates "precision nutrition" and "smart delivery." Future research should focus on utilizing individualized data to inform protocol design, particularly in the development of delivery methods like micro-nano encapsulation that rely on multi-trigger mechanisms. This method aims to create a consistent, efficient, and precise way to deliver active ingredients to lesions in the colon. This will help dietary therapies become more predictable and controllable therapeutic tools.
The Mediterranean Diet and Coronary Artery Disease: Evidence for Prevention and Management
Nowadays, the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease, it is the major cause of global mortality. Although the acute rate can be reduced by drug or surgical treatment, the potential atherosclerotic process is hard to completely address. This review summarizes the current evidence on the etiology and pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) and evaluates the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) impact, indicating the importance of nutritional strategies. Evidence from some cohort studies and meta-analyses, as well as some randomized controlled trials, all show that strict adherence to the MedDiet is closely related to reducing the incidence of major cardiovascular events, reducing inflammation, improving blood lipid spectrum, and enhancing metabolic regulation. The key component including fruits, vegetables, legumes, extra virgin olive oil, and fiber, contribute to the disease prevention and management effect. However, there are some limitations that remain, such as the limitations of specific CAD trials, inconsistent dietary assessment methods, and challenges in long term adherence. Overall, this review highlights the MedDiet as an effective dietary approach for CAD prevention and emphasizes the need for targeted research and improved implementation strategies.
Environment Impacts of Nearshore Marine Renewable Energy
At this time, the number of nearshore Marine renewable energy projects is increasing, and the review of the ecological footprint they may bring in coastal and shallow water systems is also on the rise. Building these projects close to the demand area can reduce the loss during transmission. However, most of the time, these facilities occupy some relatively sensitive habitats. The ecological responses of these habitats have not been well understood up to now. This article investigates the relevant literature on the environmental impact of nearshore MRE, and compiles the evidence in aspects such as underwater noise, electromagnetic fields, collision risks, habitat changes, and hydrodynamic alterations. By comprehensively reviewing these studies, it can be found that the responses of organisms are related to the type of technology, species characteristics, and local environment. There has been no such widespread situation that would cause serious or irreversible damage. However, most of the relevant records cover a relatively short period of time, involve a small area, and adopt different methods. This results in a relatively weak knowledge reserve in this regard. This article, by comparing the results obtained from different devices and different locations, determines where consensus has been reached and where uncertainties still exist. In terms of cumulative impact and long-term impact. This article also emphasizes the value of expanding the monitoring scope and conducting a comprehensive assessment to provide some guidance for future nearshore MRE projects.
A Preliminary Discussion on the Effectiveness of Shallow Geothermal Fresh Air Systems in Green Buildings for Improving Indoor Thermal Environments
With the progress of carbon neutrality in the construction industry, most of the existing research focuses on improving the efficiency of energy supply side, while the indoor thermal comfort of occupants is relatively neglected. Therefore, the synergistic mechanism between clean energy system and thermal comfort is not clear enough. Evidence-based review using a scoping review method, based on literature found in databases such as Scopus over the last 30 years, addressing the gap between technical performance and human comfort considerations. It develops a standardised evaluation framework suitable for various climatic settings, determines significant coupling processes, and suggests methods for synergistic improvement. The results show that shallow geothermal fresh air systems can lower the summer indoor temperature by as much as 9.12°C and raise the winter indoor temperature by 5.53°C when combined with passive soil preparation and active precise control, keeping the indoor temperature within the range of 18-26°C and PMV between 0 and 1. Furthermore, it achieves an energy efficiency ratio of 4.5-7.0 and regulates humidity well. By broadening the analysis to include the interaction between energy systems, people’s comfort, and buildings, this study gives backing for more integrated green building designs. However, there are still some limitations such as a small scope of climate and no long-term empirical data, so it need a unified monitoring system and longitudinal studies in different climates.
Nutritional Intervention Strategies for Cancer-Related Sarcopenia
Muscle loss in cancer patients, known clinically as cancer-related sarcopenia, represents a formidable challenge that directly undercuts treatment success and survival. This paper moves beyond a simple literature summary to offer a critical appraisal of nutritional tactics in this complex arena. People first map the landscape of the problem, detailing who is affected and the interplay of factors that drive muscle wasting, with a sharp focus on the damaging roles of persistent inflammation, scrambled protein metabolism, and a disrupted gut ecosystem. The core of the discussion then dissects modern nutritional strategies: the non-negotiable need for smart protein delivery, the nuanced evidence behind specific nutrients like omega-3s and vitamin D, and the intriguing promise of probiotics for gut health and muscle preservation. People argue for a paradigm shift toward earlier action, the extension of care into patients' homes, and the absolute necessity of combining dietary plans with physical therapy and medical treatment. Synthesizing current data, People conclude that the most powerful tool available is the dual application of high-quality protein and resistance exercise. True progress, however, demands care that is meticulously tailored to the individual and woven into every step of the cancer journey. The road ahead requires cracking the code of precision nutrition and building sustainable, long-term support systems to make these interventions genuinely effective.
Economic Valuation Methods and Policy Tools for Water Resource Protection: Evidence and Implications for Water Management
Water resource management is a core economic issue, combining public goods characteristics with significant externalities. In California, prolonged droughts and climate change have intensified competition among agricultural, urban, and ecological water uses, making the economic evaluation of water protection policies increasingly important. This paper employs a narrative literature review of environmental economics research published between 2010 and 2024, focusing on valuation methods, policy assessment tools, and their implications for decision-making. Existing studies primarily rely on revealed preference approaches (e.g., hedonic pricing), stated preference methods (e.g., contingent valuation), and meta-analyses to estimate the economic benefits of water quality improvement and resource protection, while policy case studies are commonly used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of management strategies. The review identifies broad consensus that improvements in water quality generate substantial economic benefits, some of which are capitalized into property values. However, valuation results vary significantly across regions and water body types, limiting the reliability of benefit transfer. Moreover, non-market values remain systematically underrepresented in applied policy assessments. Policy-oriented studies suggest that upstream water protection and water reuse strategies generally offer higher long-term cost-effectiveness than post-pollution control measures. These findings highlight the need for multi-criteria evaluation frameworks that integrate both market and non-market values. To bridge these gaps, future research should prioritize dynamic evaluation frameworks that integrate groundwater shadow pricing and stochastic climate modeling, thereby ensuring robust water management decisions under increasing environmental uncertainty.
Fluoride-Based Solid Electrolytes (FB-SE): Environmental Sustainability Considerations
Solid electrolytes based on fluoride (FB-SEs) have been recently subject to growing interest as a potential all-solid-state battery (ASSB) because of their chemical stability, broad electrochemical stability ranges, and possible availability of an anode based on high-energy metal elements. This review is a qualitative synthesis report on the current advancements in research of FB-SE with light quantitative comparisons with over 60 peer-reviewed publications published in the last 5 years (2020-25). Improvements on material compositions, synthesis procedures, ionic conductivity optimization, as well as the electrode- electrolyte interfaces stability are systematically addressed. Besides the electrochemical performance, the paper puts specific emphasis on the aspects of environmental sustainability that had hitherto not been sufficiently represented in the literature. The problem of sustainability is considered at the main points of the material life cycle, such as the purchase of raw materials, energy consumption in the manufacture stage, the safety of the operations, and the particulars of the end-of-life. Representative quantitative measurements of ionic conductivity values, synthesis temperatures, and the incorporation of precursors containing fluorine are addressed where reported and are acknowledged to be very heterogeneous and rarely comparable with the existing literature, other persistent limitations include the small number of life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies, lack of exploration of the recyclability, and lack of published environmental impact of synthesis processes. Instead of a clear-cut evaluation framework, the given review presents a conceptual lens through which the electrochemical performance is linked with an initial sustainability indicator, with the purpose of directing the further experiment design and promoting a more direct approach toward considering sustainability in the development of FB-SEs towards ASSBs.