International Journal of Energy (IJE) is a peer-reviewed journal published by Darcy & Roy Press. The mission of the journal is to provide an academic forum for discussing the issues of energy across the world. All articles published are rigorously and fast reviewed meeting the Journal Quality standards.
The Impact of the New Energy Demonstration City Pilot Policy on Urban Green Total‑Factor Energy Efficiency: Evidence from China
With the continuous growth of total energy consumption, non‑fossil energy utilization and energy efficiency have become increasingly important for promoting high‑quality urban development. Policy instruments play a crucial role in improving regional energy efficiency. Based on panel data of 282 prefecture‑level cities in China from 2006 to 2023, this study first measures urban green total‑factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) using the super‑efficiency SBM model. Then, a difference‑in‑differences (DID) model is employed to examine the impact of the New Energy Demonstration City pilot policy on GTFEE. The empirical results show that: (1) The pilot policy significantly enhances urban green total‑factor energy efficiency. (2) By employing the super-efficiency SBM model to measure the green total-factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) of cities, this study evaluates the effectiveness of the new energy demonstration city policy. Furthermore, the mechanisms of its impact are verified through parallel trend tests and placebo tests, providing more targeted evidence for the precision adjustment and optimization of related policies. (3) The effects of the New Energy Demonstration City pilot policy on energy efficiency exhibit notable heterogeneity across cities.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Low Leakage Current Quasi-Z-Source Photovoltaic Inverter for New Energy Mountain Agricultural Machinery
The quasi-Z-source photovoltaic inverter offers advantages such as eliminating the need for dead-time, effectively suppressing high-frequency common-mode leakage current, eliminating the need for a bulky isolation transformer, and improving DC voltage utilization by inserting shoot-through vectors to boost the DC bus voltage. In contrast, traditional bridge-type grid-connected inverters suffer from drawbacks including the need for dead-time, large high-frequency common-mode leakage current, the requirement for a bulky isolation transformer, and low DC voltage utilization. To address these deficiencies, this paper first proposes a low-leakage-current quasi-Z-source photovoltaic inverter structure suitable for new energy agricultural machinery in mountainous areas. Next, the circuit topology and modulation strategy are presented, and the operating modes as well as the common-mode leakage current are analyzed. The research then shows that the proposed inverter not only eliminates the need for dead-time and effectively suppresses high-frequency common-mode leakage current, but also avoids the use of a bulky isolation transformer while effectively boosting the DC bus voltage and improving the DC voltage utilization of the grid-connected inverter. Finally, circuit simulation experiments verify the correctness of the inverter design and theoretical analysis.
Historical Evolution, Stage Characteristics and Suggestions on China’s Low-Carbon Energy Policies
Energy serves as a fundamental material foundation for economic and social development. The low-carbon energy transition is a critical measure for China to achieve the "Dual Carbon" goal, advance ecological civilization construction, and ensure energy security. Along with economic growth and energy structure adjustment, China’s low-carbon energy policies have been gradually improved, forming a comprehensive policy system covering energy production, consumption, technology and institutional mechanisms. This paper sorts out the development course of China’s low-carbon energy policies, dividing it into four stages: initial germination, preliminary development, rapid advancement and in-depth improvement. By summarizing the core characteristics of policies at each stage, analyzing existing problems in policy implementation, and combining the requirements for high-quality energy development in the new era, this paper puts forward targeted policy suggestions.
A Transformer-based Domain Generalization Method for Equipment Remaining Useful Life Prediction
Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction is crucial for the maintenance decision-making and operational safety of nuclear power systems. However, neural-network-based RUL prediction methods that emerged in recent years face the risk of insufficient generalization when confronted with operating-condition drift caused by power generation peak-shaving, individual differences among components, and so on, which is inconsistent with the high-safety and high-reliability requirements of nuclear power. To address this problem, and also to break through the limitation of conventional domain adaptation methods that rely on target-domain data, this paper proposes a Transformer-based domain generalization method for RUL prediction of nuclear power equipment. The core ideas of the proposed model are “paired learning” and “paired querying.” During training, the model uses a cross-attention mechanism to pair-wise learn the positional correspondence between local monitoring signals and the global degradation history to which they belong. During inference, the model pairs the online-monitored local signal one by one with every historical global signal in the training set and queries them, and computes similarity weights based on the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm to obtain the final weighted prediction. Cross-domain generalization experiments on the C-MAPSS dataset show that the proposed method, without requiring any target-domain data, significantly outperforms multiple domain adaptation methods that do require target-domain data. This demonstrates that the extracted features, which embed positional information, possess stronger generalization capability and are well suited to nuclear-power scenarios with stringent safety and reliability requirements.
Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Sphingan Bioreactor Architecture Based on Cyber-Physical Fusion
Aiming at the problems of low degrading bacteria activity, difficult demulsification of emulsified oil, extensive process regulation, and weak working condition adaptability in traditional bioreactors for ship engine room oily wastewater, an intelligent bioreactor scheme integrating Cyber-Physical System (CPS), Sphingomonas-produced sphingan, and Microbial Electro-Fenton (MEF) coupled degradation is proposed. This reactor takes Sphingomonas as the core high-efficiency degrading strain, and uses sphingan biosurfactant produced by its metabolism to realize in-situ demulsification, solubilization and high-efficiency degradation of emulsified oil. A four-layer CPS closed-loop architecture of perception-transmission-decision-execution is adopted to regulate strain growth, gum production efficiency and MEF degradation working conditions in real time, coupling the first-stage Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) biodegradation and the second-stage Electro-Fenton (EF) advanced oxidation process. At the hardware level, the integration of Sphingomonas culture module, MEF reaction unit and CPS perception control hardware is completed; at the software level, modules for strain activity monitoring, gum production optimization and intelligent regulation of degradation process are developed. Performance test results show that the sphingan production of Sphingomonas in the reactor is stable, the demulsification rate of emulsified oil reaches 91.8%, the total oil pollution degradation rate reaches 93.42%, and the COD removal rate reaches 90.8%. The reactor can adapt to water quality fluctuations and achieve stable discharge up to standard.
Research on the Dynamic Regulation of Bacterial Contaminated Particulate Matter in Operating Rooms Using Turbulent Jet Devices
As the core operational venue in the healthcare system, the precise control of environmental parameters in operating rooms is crucial for ensuring surgical safety and reducing healthcare-associated infection risks. The rational airflow organization serves as the key mechanism for achieving refined environmental regulation in operating rooms. With continuously rising demands for surgical environments driven by advancements in medical technology, traditional airflow management methods have increasingly revealed limitations such as uneven temperature distribution and low pollutant removal efficiency, necessitating the introduction of novel technological solutions for optimization. The vortex-breaking jet device, leveraging its technical advantages in fluid vortex control, offers innovative approaches for optimizing operating room airflow. This study investigates the application of vortex-breaking jet devices in operating room airflow management, aiming to elucidate their mechanisms of influence on the surgical environment and provide a theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of operating room airflow systems.
As a key energy storage technology for addressing renewable energy integration and supporting the "dual-carbon" goals, Carnot Battery (Pumped Thermal Energy Storage, PTES) relies fundamentally on its heat and mass transfer efficiency for overall system performance and economic viability. This paper systematically reviews recent research progress in heat and mass transfer within Carnot Batteries, focusing on core areas such as system configuration optimization, selection of working fluids and thermal storage media, multi-scenario integration, and parameter optimization. Studies indicate that system performance can be significantly enhanced by introducing heat regeneration devices and optimizing cycle processes. For instance, a transcritical CO₂ cycle with regeneration achieved a comprehensive efficiency of 75.28%, while an integrated Heat Pump-ORC-Thermal Storage configuration exceeded 100% round-trip efficiency. Transcritical CO₂, R245fa, and mixed working fluids are preferred due to their superior thermodynamic properties. Rapeseed oil and phase change materials stand out for their cost-effectiveness and potential for increasing power density, respectively. Finally, current technical challenges are summarized, and future development prospects in integrated demonstration, material innovation, and multi-energy flow synergy are discussed, providing theoretical reference for the engineering application of this technology.
A Study on a Multifunctional Variable-Condition Heat Pump System for Mitigating Heat Stress in Deep Coal Mines and Utilizing Waste Heat
Against the backdrop of global climate change and the “dual carbon” strategy, mine waste heat—a low-grade energy source generated during coal mining—presents a key solution to addressing the conflicts between energy waste, environmental pollution, and production safety through its efficient recovery and utilization. Addressing issues such as high ventilation loads and waste of waste heat caused by high-temperature heat hazards in deep mines, existing research has largely focused on single technologies, lacking studies on multi-condition coupled systems. Based on this, this paper proposes a technical framework and engineering implementation path for a multifunctional, variable-condition mine waste heat heat pump system. The paper first analyzes the characteristics of deep-mine heat hazards and waste heat resources to clarify the necessity of system development; it then outlines the overall system architecture and proposes two technical pathways adapted to different exhaust air conditions; subsequently, it compares the core technical mechanisms and performance, and verifies the system’s feasibility through engineering case studies at the Hongliulin Coal Mine and Wanfu Mine; finally, it establishes selection criteria for mine waste heat technologies, forming a comprehensive system solution for multi-condition utilization of mine waste heat, thereby providing a reference for the large-scale and efficient utilization of mine waste heat resources.
Research Progress on Formation Drag Reducers for Pressure Reduction and Injection Enhancement in Oil Production
With the rapid increase in the exploitation of oil and gas resources, conventional oil and gas resources in most oil and gas fields in China are being depleted at an accelerating pace, and research on the exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources has become a crucial approach to safeguarding national energy security. China is endowed with abundant low-permeability reservoir resources with great application potential, yet their exploitation is fraught with considerable challenges. Water injection into the formation is a routine practice during the exploitation of low-permeability reservoirs to maintain formation pressure and improve oil recovery efficiency. However, most low-permeability oilfields currently suffer from problems such as high water injection pressure and a high proportion of insufficient injection, which prevent the establishment of effective displacement in oil-water wells and lead to a sharp drop in formation pressure, consequently driving up the exploitation costs of low-permeability reservoirs. The application of suitable formation drag reducers for oil production in the exploitation process of low-permeability reservoirs can significantly reduce water injection pressure and enhance oil recovery efficiency. This paper aims to summarize and sort out the action mechanisms of pressure reduction and injection enhancement, the types of drag reducers, and the current research status of pressure reduction and injection enhancement. Furthermore, it proposes the development directions of drag reducers in the field of pressure reduction and injection enhancement, providing a certain technical reference for improving the exploitation efficiency of low-permeability oilfields.
Research Progress on Fe-Loaded Biochar for Promoting the Co-Combustion of Coke Breeze
Coke breeze remains an indispensable solid fuel in iron ore sintering and several high-temperature metallurgical combustion systems, but its high ignition temperature, poor burnout, and coupled CO/NOx emissions constrain clean and low-carbon utilization. Biochar derived from biomass is a promising partial substitute because of its renewable carbon origin, developed pore structure, and relatively high intrinsic reactivity. However, the rapid combustion of biochar, the large difference in mineral composition relative to coke breeze, and instability under harsh thermal conditions often limit its direct use. Fe loading provides a practical route to integrate fuel substitution with catalytic promotion. Recent studies on coal/biochar co-combustion, coke combustion catalysis, Fe-loaded char catalysts, and iron ore sintering indicate that Fe-loaded biochar can improve oxygen transfer, construct Fe-O-C interfacial active sites, accelerate the oxidation and gasification of carbon, and promote heterogeneous NO reduction while suppressing incomplete combustion. This review summarizes recent progress in feedstock selection, preparation methods, structure-property relationships, combustion and kinetic behavior, interfacial mechanisms, ash transformation, deactivation, and engineering prospects of Fe-loaded biochar for coke-breeze co-combustion. Particular attention is paid to the synergy among Fe redox cycles, alkali/alkaline-earth metals, and defect-rich carbon matrices. Finally, major knowledge gaps are identified, including the lack of in situ evidence under realistic heating rates, scale bridging from thermogravimetric tests to packed beds, and long-term stability evaluation in real metallurgical atmospheres.
Review of the Key Roles and Challenges of PV-CSP Generation Coupling under the Background of Carbon Neutrality
Solar photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) hybrid power plants integrate the advantages of both photovoltaic and solar-thermal power generation. This configuration enhances the stability of grid-connected output while simultaneously improving overall power generation efficiency and land-use effectiveness. To further explore the significance of PV/CSP coupling under the dual-carbon goals and to develop its unique strengths, this paper reviews the current research status of PV/CSP hybrid technologies and outlines potential future technological pathways. It’s aiming to provide theoretical references for subsequent studies in this field.
Effect of Electrolyte Surface Modification on the Cathode Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are promising clean energy conversion devices, but their intermediate-temperature performance is severely limited by high polarization resistance, originating from sluggish cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics and insufficient electrolyte-cathode interfacial contact. Herein, a homogeneous YSZ rough layer was fabricated on the cathode side of 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte via spin-coating. Half-cells with La0.3Sr0.7Ti0.3Fe0.7O3-δ (LSTF) cathode were assembled, and their electrochemical performance was systematically investigated at 800 °C under 0.05 and 0.21 atm oxygen partial pressure. This modification significantly enlarges the interfacial contact area and extends triple phase boundaries, achieving a maximum 33.4% reduction in polarization resistance at 800 °C under 0.05 atm. The enhancement mainly stems from reduced charge transfer and oxygen adsorption/dissociation resistance, providing a facile low-cost route for intermediate-temperature SOFC cathode optimization.
Numerical Simulation of Progressive CO2 Injection for Improved Coalbed Methane Extraction and Carbon Sequestration
A numerical simulation-based comparative analysis was conducted to investigate the displacement and extraction performance of coalbed methane (CH4) under two CO2 injection strategies: direct injection and progressive staged injection. Results show that direct CO2 injection rapidly generates high-pressure zones, elevates reservoir pressure, and reduces permeability, leading to limited methane depletion and strong spatial heterogeneity in the extraction zone. In contrast, progressive CO2 injection integrates staged pressurization with pressure-relief extraction, effectively lowering reservoir pressure, maintaining higher permeability, and significantly expanding the CH4 extraction range. For both strategies, CH4 recovery and CO2 sequestration increased continuously with time; however, the progressive scheme achieved smoother and more efficient CH4 production while sustaining sequestration effectiveness. After 300 days of injection and extraction, the average CH4 content declined from 17.09 m3/t to 10.31 m3/t, yielding 1.69 × 105 m3 of recovered CH4 and 2.97 × 105 m3 of sequestered CO2. These findings demonstrate that progressive CO2 injection can simultaneously enhance coalbed methane recovery and CO2 geological storage, offering technical insights for efficient CBM development and mine gas control.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Study of Expansion Force Distribution during Lithium-ion Battery Operation and Ageing
In the process of battery charge-discharge and long-term aging, a novel customized thin-film pressure sensor system was used to directly measure the swelling force of prismatic cells, providing insights into the electrode swelling mechanism inside lithium-ion batteries. Battery electrical performance data were obtained from cycle charge-discharge tests and capacity calibration tests conducted at every 50 aging cycles interval, while battery state of health data were collected over a total of 1000 cycles. Using a prismatic cell equipped with thin-film pressure sensors, key characterization parameters such as battery current, battery voltage, calibrated capacity discharged at 1C current, and the regional distribution of expansion force during charge-discharge in cycling aging were recorded. These data provide an understanding of the internal electrode swelling in prismatic cells and reveal the inherent coupling relationship among the state of charge, state of health, and the variation and distribution of expansion force. The published dataset offers a valuable resource for enhancing battery diagnostics and developing data-driven models to estimate state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH), which can be used for advanced battery safety monitoring and the construction of multi-feature fusion diagnostic models for battery failure. The provided data deepen the fundamental understanding of the variation mechanism of internal electrode expansion force in prismatic cells during operation and aging. Since data on electrode expansion force for the prismatic cell have not been publicly available, the provided dataset fills a gap in existing open data collections.
Application Value and Practical Reflection of High Voltage Test in Transformer Condition Evaluation System
In this paper, the mapping relationship between high voltage test items such as insulation resistance, dielectric loss, DC resistance, partial discharge and winding deformation test and transformer latent defects, overheating faults, mechanical deformation and weak insulation points is systematically sorted out, and the unique physical significance of high voltage test as "insulation mirror" and "structural stethoscope" is expounded. At the same time, the problems existing in current practice, such as multi-dimensional information fragmentation caused by data islands, time mismatch between fixed test period and dynamic evolution of equipment state, insufficient anti-interference ability in complex electromagnetic environment, and insufficient "fingerprint" feature mining of equipment by evaluation model, are deeply analyzed. On this basis, some improvement strategies are put forward, such as establishing a comprehensive diagnosis mechanism of multi-source data fusion, carrying out differentiated test strategy based on equipment health index, strengthening the anti-interference ability of field environment, introducing deep learning technology to improve fault prediction ability, and strengthening continuous monitoring and dynamic analysis of data, in order to promote the development of transformer condition evaluation in the direction of intelligence and accuracy.
Microscale Combustion: Principles, Challenges, and Prospects of Microchannel Burners
Microscale combustion technology is a cutting-edge direction in the field of energy miniaturization and high efficiency, offering potential advantages such as high energy density, excellent integration, and superior combustion efficiency. As a core component enabling microscale combustion, microchannel burners demonstrate broad application prospects in areas like microenergy systems, micropropulsion, and portable thermoelectric conversion. This paper provides a systematic review of the fundamental working principles and structural characteristics of microchannel burners, with a focus on analyzing key challenges (e.g., flame stability, heat transfer losses, material limitations) and corresponding enhancement strategies (regenerative, catalytic, structural optimization). Additionally, it examines the current application status in fields such as miniature thermoelectric systems and micropropulsion, identifies existing research limitations, and outlines future development trends, aiming to provide references for in-depth research and engineering applications of microchannel combustion technology.
Economic Simulation and Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Charging and Discharging under Time-of-Use Pricing
In the context of China’s ongoing experimentation with time-of-use (TOU) tariffs, electric vehicles (EVs) can serve not only as clean transportation but also as behind-the-meter distributed storage. This paper proposes a quantitative method to evaluate the economic benefits of EV charging and discharging. Battery capacity is partitioned into a "safety zone" and an "active zone": the safety zone guarantees mobility demand, while the active zone is dedicated to TOU arbitrage and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interaction. The proposed framework jointly accounts for discharge revenue, electricity purchase cost, and battery degradation cost, while embedding practical constraints such as station power limits and heterogeneous user behavior. A long-horizon iterative accounting scheme is developed and solved through Monte Carlo simulation to compare pricing mechanisms and battery sizes. Results show that flexible TOU pricing unlocks substantially higher economic potential than fixed tariffs; expanding battery capacity yields nonlinear gains in net benefit; and under the proposed strategy an EV fleet exhibits pronounced peak-shaving and valley-filling capability, providing both economic value and grid support. The findings can inform TOU tariff design and the deployment of V2G programs.
Mechanical Properties and Energy Evolution Law of Coal-Based Solid Waste Backfill at Different Temperatures and Ages
The increasing use of deep coal mine backfilling operations under high geothermal conditions has drawn attention, The growing application of deep coal mine backfilling under elevated geothermal conditions has attracted increasing attention; however, the role of curing temperature in governing the mechanical response and energy evolution of coal-based solid waste backfill has not yet been fully clarified. In this study, coal gangue, fly ash, and desulfurization gypsum were selected as representative coal-based solid waste constituents to systematically examine the mechanical behavior and energy evolution of cemented backfill subjected to different curing temperatures (20, 27.5, 35, 42.5, and 50 °C) and curing durations (3, 7, 14, and 28 d). Material characteristics were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and particle size distribution analysis. Displacement-controlled uniaxial compression tests were conducted to obtain stress–strain responses, while elastic strain energy and dissipated energy were quantified and analyzed on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics. The findings highlight that curing temperature has a marked age-dependent effect on the mechanical behavior of the backfill. At early ages (3, 7, and 14 days), increasing the curing temperature enhances the elastic modulus, peak stress, and peak strain. At 28 days, both strength and deformation capacity reach their maximum values at 42.5 °C, whereas increasing the temperature to 50 °C causes post-peak softening and a reduction in load-bearing capacity. Energy analysis reveals that, at 28 days, both elastic strain energy and total energy at the peak stress first rise and then decline as curing temperature increases, reaching maximum values of 35.92 kJ/m³ and 56.45 kJ/m³, respectively, at 42.5 °C. The energy evolution process can be categorized into four distinct stages: pore compaction, linear elastic deformation, yielding damage, and post-peak failure. Higher curing temperatures significantly increase the proportion of energy dissipated in the compaction stage (from 37.5% to 59.3%) while reducing the energy dissipated in the elastic stage, which accelerates the damage process under high-temperature curing.
Control Technology for Tailings Pond Water Expansion in Copper Hydrometallurgy Based on High-concentration Gravity-flow Ball Mill System
Tailings pond water expansion is a core safety and environmental challenge faced by the copper hydrometallurgy industry, which directly triggers major hazards such as dam failure risks and acidic wastewater leakage. Aiming at the problem that the traditional ball mill-cyclone classification process, restricted by pulp concentration (45–60%), results in excessive system water supplement and continuous rise of water level in tailings ponds, an innovative technical scheme of "wet semi-autogenous mill + wet ball mill series connection with high and low positions + high-concentration gravity flow" was proposed. By eliminating gravity cyclones, optimizing equipment layout and regulating process parameters, the targets of stabilizing pulp concentration at 70% (by ore weight percentage) and achieving minus 200 mesh particle size accounting for ≥70% were realized. Industrial practice shows that the system can reduce external water supplement by more than 28% from the source, significantly alleviate the water expansion pressure of tailings ponds, avoid the terminal treatment cost of acidic wastewater, and simplify the process flow. This scheme provides a water expansion control path of "source water reduction + process water control" for the copper hydrometallurgy industry, which has both safety guarantee and environmental benefits, and possesses remarkable engineering application value.
Research on Dynamic Optimization Model of Gas Field Development Scheme Based on Intelligent Algorithm
This paper proposes a dynamic optimization model of gas field development scheme based on intelligent algorithm, which adopts the combination of GA and PSO, aiming to optimize gas field resource allocation and improve production scheduling efficiency. First, by constructing a mathematical model in the gas field development process, various optimization objectives and constraints are clarified; then, combining the advantages of GA and PSO, a hybrid optimization strategy is proposed, which enables the model to automatically adjust decisions in a complex and dynamic gas field development environment to obtain the optimal resource scheduling scheme. In the experiment, by constructing a typical scenario of gas field development for simulation verification, the results show that the proposed intelligent optimization model has achieved significant results in improving resource utilization and shortening production cycle. Compared with traditional optimization methods, the optimization efficiency of the algorithm is improved by 15% to 20%. In addition, this paper also discusses the practical application potential of intelligent algorithms in gas field development, and provides new ideas and methods for resource scheduling problems in other related fields.
Prediction Method of Fracturing Pressure for Clean Water Sand-Carrying Fracturing in Horizontal Wells of Volcanic Reservoirs
To further reduce the operational risks of clean water sand-carrying fracturing in horizontal wells within volcanic reservoirs and better guide field operations, research on the prediction method for clean water fracturing pressure was conducted. Firstly, considering the energy dissipation caused by solid-liquid interaction, a calculation method for the frictional pressure loss of the clean water-sand two-phase flow in horizontal wellbores was established to calculate the frictional pressure loss under different working conditions. Secondly, parameters such as perforation friction and near-wellbore tortuosity friction were calculated. Consequently, a prediction method for the fracturing pressure of clean water sand-carrying fracturing in horizontal wells of volcanic reservoirs was developed. Field tests show that the calculated fracturing pressure using this method correlates well with the actual field pressure, with a calculation error ≤13.7%. The calculation accuracy is significantly improved, indicating that this method can effectively guide the design and field implementation of clean water sand-carrying fracturing.
Risk-Based Emergency Management for Production Safety Accidents in Petrochemical Enterprises
The emergency response plan for production safety incidents serves as the core tool for refining and petrochemical enterprises to address emergencies, control incident developments, and mitigate losses. Based on risk management and system safety theories, this paper systematically elaborates on the entire process of developing and dynamically revising risk-based emergency response plans tailored to the production characteristics of refining and petrochemical enterprises. The article first outlines the methodology for risk identification, analysis, and assessment, emphasizing its fundamental importance as the basis for plan formulation. Subsequently, it constructs a three-tiered emergency plan system comprising comprehensive emergency plans, specialized emergency plans, and on-site response plans, detailing their functional roles, core content, and alignment with specific risks. Finally, it focuses on how emergency drills can be used to test and evaluate the effectiveness of these plans, and establishes a scientific, closed-loop mechanism for continuous plan revision based on drill assessments, incident reviews, and risk changes. This research aims to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for refining and petrochemical enterprises in establishing a scientific, practical, and efficient emergency management system.
Research on Matrix Analysis and Selection Strategy of Power Battery Recycling Modes
The rapid growth in the number of new energy vehicles has led to a sharp increase in the volume of waste power batteries, and power battery recycling modes drive the development of the power battery recycling industry. Based on a brief introduction to power battery recycling modes, this paper uses the matrix analysis method from the two dimensions of policy and technology to discuss four mainstream power battery recycling modes. Finally, it puts forward corresponding optimization suggestions from the aspects of technology, policy and the selection of waste power battery recycling modes.
Research Progress on Vibration Reduction of Beam Structures Based on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and intelligent structures, integrated piezoelectric energy harvesting and vibration reduction technologies aimed at self-powered monitoring and vibration suppression have become a research hotspot. Owing to mature structural mechanics, relatively low manufacturing cost and the ease of integrating piezoelectric elements, beam components have become the core load-bearing elements in piezoelectric energy harvesting and vibration control systems. Against this background, the fundamental theory of piezoelectric energy harvesting and beam-based vibration reduction is reviewed for typical prismatic and non-prismatic beam structures, including cantilever beams, L-shaped beams, U-shaped beams, and trapezoidal and tapered beams. The research progress regarding bandwidth extension, enhancement of energy conversion efficiency and improvement of vibration attenuation performance for these beam configurations is systematically summarized. Through a comparative analysis of the mechanisms and performance of different beam types, the key challenges faced by current beam-type piezoelectric energy harvesting–vibration reduction systems are identified, including nonlinear electromechanical coupling modelling, adaptability to broadband and multi-directional vibration environments, structural reliability and practical engineering application. On this basis, future development directions involving multi-field coupling, integrated co-design, introduction of smart materials and topological optimization are discussed. The review is intended to provide useful reference for structural design and engineering application of beam-type integrated piezoelectric energy harvesting and vibration reduction systems.
Research Progress on VOCs Treatment Technologies in the Petrochemical Industry
As a crucial pillar industry of China's economy, the petrochemical industry emits volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during production every year, which pose numerous potential hazards to the environment and human health. Starting from investigating current domestic and international VOCs treatment technologies, this paper systematically summarizes the shortcomings of existing VOCs treatment technologies, and focuses on introducing the application of new catalytic treatment technologies for VOCs in the petrochemical industry. It is expected to provide important references for the research and improvement of VOCs treatment technologies in the petrochemical industry.
Durability Design of Coated Circular Saw Knife for Hot Chamber Cutting Stainless Steel in Nuclear Industry
In order to accurately investigate the changes of structure and properties of test reactor materials and components under irradiation service conditions, higher geometric accuracy and surface state requirements are put forward for the interception and cutting process of metal samples prepared by hot chamber in nuclear industry. Taking the AlCrN coated circular saw knife and the TiN thin coated circular saw knife which improve the cutting edge sharpness and the wear resistance of the substrate as the research objects, and taking the M2 circular saw knife of the same specification as the reference, the durability tests of dry cutting 316L stainless steel with two factors and two levels are carried out to verify the feasibility of the improvement of structural parameters and the long life of dry cutting at high temperature. A method of maximum durability reduction based on the variation curve of flank wear zone and hot chamber processing conditions is proposed. In this paper, a high precision tool hot chamber durability model in the form of selective subset equation is established, and the limitations of the traditional methods for obtaining the highest productivity and lowest cost durability of power function form equations are analyzed. A list calculation method for obtaining the formal durability of non-power function equations with stronger adaptability and engineering practicability is put forward, and the substitutability of the calculation results is further analyzed. The research results provide an effective method and means for the hot chamber to scientifically and reasonably formulate the tool durability to adapt to the production plan.
Synergistic Optimization Model of Energy Storage and BF Gas Power Generation for Steel Enterprises Considering Power Spot Price and Maximum Demand
Aiming at the cost fluctuation and demand-side management pressure faced by iron and steel enterprises under the background of power market reform, this paper puts forward a collaborative optimization model of energy storage and blast furnace surplus gas power generation, which integrates the power spot price signal and the maximum demand (MD) constraint. This model employs a multi-timescale mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) framework, integrating rolling optimization strategies and robust optimization methods. It prioritizes minimizing the enterprise's total electricity costs while simultaneously accounting for grid power purchase costs, MD penalty costs, coal-gas power generation operational costs, and energy storage operational costs. Through case analysis, it is verified that the model has obvious advantages in balancing the penalty of power purchase cost and demand and realizing global optimization. The results show that, compared with the traditional operation mode and the scenario of only considering the time-of-use price optimization, the collaborative optimization model can effectively reduce the total power consumption cost of enterprises and improve the economy and power grid security. In addition, the robustness test of the model further proves its effectiveness in dealing with the fluctuation of electricity price. This study provides a feasible solution for iron and steel enterprises in the process of energy structure transformation and energy efficiency improvement.
Research on the Implementation Path of Maritime Carbon Monitoring Systems
With global shipping accelerating its transition toward low-carbon development, establishing a scientific and operable carbon monitoring system has become essential. Existing mechanisms such as the EU MRV and IMO DCS are shaping a shift from voluntary cooperation to rule-based competition. For China, a major shipping nation, simply adopting international frameworks cannot accommodate its diverse fleet, complex operations, and uneven digitalization. This study reviews key monitoring technologies—including BDN-based methods, tank level measurement, flowmeters, and direct CO2 monitoring—and assesses their applicability within China. It further proposes an implementation pathway featuring multi-source data integration, digital governance, metrological traceability, differentiated monitoring strategies, and linkage with national carbon markets. The findings provide a framework to support accurate carbon accounting, regulatory compliance, and the sector’s green transition.
Fabrication and Performance Study of the Alumina-filled polypropylene Matrix Composites
Using the Polypropylene (PP) as the continuous phase matrix and the Alumina (Al2O3) as functional filler, the Al2O3-filled PP matrix composites were fabricated after the surface modification of Al2O3 by silane coupling agent KH-570. The effects of Al2O3 with different particle sizes and different filling amounts on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, dielectric properties and melting crystallization behavior of the composites were studied. The research results show that as the particle size of Al2O3 increases, the impact strength of composites gradually rises. With the increase of Al2O3 filling amount, the tensile modulus and bending modulus of the composite material gradually increase, as well as the thermal decomposition temperature. In addition, the crystallization temperature and the dielectric constant of the composite material enhance as the increase of Al2O3 filling amount, but the melting temperature does not change much.
Creep Microstructural Evolution of Type IV Cracking in Long-Serviced Dissimilar Steel Welded Joints
A high-temperature creep interruption test at 650°C and 70 MPa was conducted on a long-serviced T92-Super304H welded joint to study Type IV cracking and service-induced damage. The fine-grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) displayed lath degradation, precipitate coarsening, and grain boundary damage. During creep, recrystallization and grain recovery occurred in the FGHAZ on the T92 side. Dislocations aggregated around precipitates and at damaged grain boundaries, where Type IV cracks formed and propagated. This accumulation and boundary damage are main mechanisms of Type IV cracking.