The "Changes" and "Constants" of Labour Education in Colleges and Universities in the New Era

: In the new era, new changes have occurred in the educational object, educational content and educational form of college labour education, but its mission of nurturing people by adhering to the guiding ideology of Marxism, the fundamental principle of unity of knowledge and practice, and the cultivation of talents needed by the times remains unchanged. Based on this, labour education in colleges and universities in the new era should seek changes in the tension between "change" and "no change", and create a new form of labour education under the educational concept of "three-whole-education", in order to promote Labour education in colleges and universities can attract students, retain students, teach students well, and help colleges and universities to accomplish the mission of cultivating morality and educating people.


Introduction
Labour education undoubtedly occupies an important position in the current education system, and in March 2020, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Labour Education in Universities, Secondary Schools and Primary Schools in the New Era (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"), which emphasizes that schools need to take into account the current situation of China's economic and social development and students' actual situation, and to build a new mode of labour education of Chinese characteristics in line with the times and the situation.As national talent training bases and important venues for promoting labour education, colleges and universities should grasp the "changes" and "constants" of labour education in the new era, which is conducive to better promoting the labour education of college students, adapting to the needs of social development and the cultivation of new people of the times, and in turn It is also conducive to better promoting labour education for college students, adapting to the needs of social development and the cultivation of the new man of the times, and thus promoting the realisation of the fundamental goal of promoting moral education.

The New Era of Labour Education
in Colleges and Universities "Change"

The Change of Education Object
First of all, the new era of college students represented by the "00 generation" was born and grew up in the era of rapid development of the Internet and economic development in China, and most of them are in the family structure of "4+2+1", and have been cared for and loved by their elders and parents since childhood.Most of them are in the family structure of "4+2+1", and they have been taken care of by their elders and parents since childhood, which makes them emphasise more on the pursuit of personalised values, more on the expression of their own values and emotions, and more on the independence and autonomy of individuals than the college students in the past.
Secondly, in the primary and secondary school stage, which is based on "only the theory of scores", the "00s" have long been accustomed to the struggle in front of the desk due to the pressure of academics.After entering the university stage, due to the perception of society and the corresponding experience is not enough, resulting in their lack of sufficient action, weak hands-on ability, lack of courage to face and overcome difficulties, they are afraid of labouring for little or even labouring for nothing.In addition, under the influence of the "only grade theory", family and social environment, the overpragmatic college students may appear the idea of "not concerned about the matter, but if the matter is concerned about their own calculating", and become "exquisite egoist!They may become "exquisite egoists".In addition, the longterm absence of labour education in families, schools and society has led to a lack of correct labour values among college students of the new era compared with those of the past, and the phenomena of "lying down" and "being Buddhist" have appeared among some groups of college students, who hold the view that they are "unwilling to contribute to the work, but only interested in doing it".Some college students have the phenomenon of "lying down" and "Buddha-like", and hold the wrong thinking of "unwilling to contribute to the work but only want to make quick money", as well as the labour mode of "fishing for three days and sundrying the nets for two days".
Finally, the new generation of college students born and grew up in the Internet era carries the network gene, and their behaviours and activities show the characteristics of networking.They have been actively or passively contacting and using computers since they were young, which makes them, compared with college students in the past, think more diffusely and actively and form the behavioural habit of using intelligent search engines on the Internet to acquire knowledge.However, due to the lack of sufficient judgement, they are easy to get lost in the information explosion of the network information, and due to the timeliness and brevity of the network information and other characteristics, resulting in the new era of college students' attention is difficult to stay focused for a long time, and gradually develop the habit of fragmented reading, multi-dimensional thinking and behavioural changes [1].
In short, the new era of college students has the characteristics of personalised value pursuit, multi-channel information acquisition, compatible and diversified ideological concepts, and networked daily interactions.

Changes in the Content of Education
In order to improve the relevance and effectiveness of labour education, the content of education will change accordingly as the target audience changes.First of all, in the new era, labour education cannot simply be equated with the "learning to work" and "learning to farm" of the past.It is not only confined to allowing students to engage in physical labour, but also includes mental labour, service labour, and so on.In today's networked and intelligent world, labour education cannot simply allow students to do physical exercise, but also need to update the content of labour education in combination with the actual situation, in order to enrich the students' labour practice and labour experience, so as to enhance the effectiveness of labour education.
Secondly, labour education in colleges and universities in the new era needs to be differentiated from other academic segments and cannot be mixed with them.Compared with the university labor education, primary and secondary school labor education puts more emphasis on knowing how to work, knowing how to work, using education to guide students to admire labor, respect for labor, so that students in the "handson, sweat" in the hands of a good habit of good labor, with the basic labor skills, have a correct perception of labor.The labour education at university level is more than that, it also needs to strengthen students' learning of Marxist labour concept, socialist labour theory of value and other related theories, so that students can deeply understand the value and significance of labour, and continuously improve their worldview, outlook on life and values, and figure out the question of "why do we work".In this way, students in the new era are encouraged to combine their majors with labour, to carry out creative labour, and to be diligent, honest and good at labour in their studies and work.
Finally, the essence of labour education in new era colleges and universities is to cultivate the personality of college students, so that they can become young people of the new era with all-round development of morality, intellectuality, physique, aesthetics and labour.Because, in labour, there is not only physical exertion, but also emotional and cognitive participation.Through labour education, it can help college students to experience the benefits of labour and establish a good moral character; to improve the wisdom of labour and increase the wisdom of life; to gather the strength of labour and strengthen their physique; to feel the beauty of labour and enhance the ability of aesthetics.Therefore, labour education should be combined with ethics, intellect, physique and aesthetics to achieve the five simultaneous education, so as to cultivate all-rounded talents and adapt to the changing requirements of the new era.

Changes in the Way Education is Delivered
The content determines the way.As the content of labour education in colleges and universities in the new era undergoes new changes, its mode should also undergo corresponding changes.
First of all, labour education in colleges and universities in the new era should be adapted to the development of science and technology and industrial changes, focusing on the new form of labour, emerging technology support and new changes in social services.Therefore, for the new era of college students who are Internet aborigines, colleges and universities need to innovate the form of labour education with the help of new media technology, promote the implementation of "college labour education + Internet", and make use of big data analysis to understand the needs of college students and carry out accurate labour education.In addition, make full use of the new ways of labour education such as flipped classroom, short video, artificial intelligence, etc., to improve the novelty and attractiveness of labour education, revitalize labour education resources, and enhance the effectiveness of labour education [2].
Secondly, labour education in colleges and universities in the new era can no longer remain in verbal or written form as in the past, but needs to be put into practice.2020 released in July 2020, the "Guidelines for Labour Education in Universities and Primary Schools (for Trial Implementation)" requires that universities and primary schools set up a mandatory curriculum for labour education, so as to really put labour education into practice.Therefore, major colleges and universities have responded to the Party's call to set up labour education courses, which is a necessary and required move to promote labour education in colleges and universities in the new era.Labour education adopts the form of curriculum, through the design of scientific and complete syllabus and reasonable class schedule, so that college students can not only learn the relevant labour knowledge, but also in practice will learn the labour knowledge into the actual, so as to achieve the unity of knowledge and action.Labour education consists of both labour and education, and the lack of either is not conducive to the development of labour education and the realization of the goal of educating people with moral integrity.Therefore, through professional, systematic and scientific courses, on the one hand, college students can improve their personal character through hands-on practice and sweating; on the other hand, it can make the labour education not superficial and formal, and increase the sustainability of its education.
In conclusion, labour education should be based on the new era, combined with the current actual and professional characteristics, and constantly enrich the new era of college students' labour education courses and activities to meet the diversified needs of college students, and give full play to the effectiveness of labour education in cultivating morality and educating people.

The New Era of Labour Education
in Colleges and Universities "Unchanged".
The new development of labour education in colleges and universities in the new era is not to overturn the past and start from scratch, but to continue to promote on the basis of the past.Over the past hundred years since the founding of the Party, college labor education has shown new characteristics of the stage, but its adherence to the guiding ideology of Marxism, adhere to the fundamental principle of unity of knowledge and practice, and cultivate the talents needed in the times of the mission of educating people remains unchanged.

The Guiding Ideology Remains Unchanged
In the new era, the way and content of labour education in colleges and universities have changed, but the fundamental guiding ideology will not and cannot change.The combination of productive labour and education is an important part of Marxist educational thought, and the CPC, as a Marxist political party, has always insisted on using Marxist educational thought as a guide to establish morality and nurture people.
Marxism places great emphasis on the importance of combining productive labour with education.Marx put forward the idea of "combining labour and education" in the light of the capitalist industrial era in which he lived at the time.Education serves as a bridge between science and industry.Through education, workers with both scientific knowledge and industrial skills can be nurtured, so that science can be better integrated into industry to promote rapid industrial development and enhance social productivity.In addition, Engels also emphasized that "in a socialist society, labour will be combined with education, so that both multifaceted technical training and the practical basis of scientific education will be ensured", in order to promote a better combination of production and labour and education in a socialist society, so that workers can learn relevant labour knowledge while receiving training in labour skills.knowledge of labour.
The combination of labour and education not only enhances productivity, but also helps to promote the all-round development of human beings.Marx pointed out that "the future of education for all children who have reached a certain age is the combination of productive labour with intellectual and physical education, which is not only a method of increasing social production, but also the only method of creating a fully developed human being."The division of mental and physical labour is not conducive to the all-round development of human beings, while labour education can promote the ability to transform nature by constantly summing up experience and sublimating it in the practice of labour, thus freeing human beings from the constraints of nature and emancipating them.However, human nature is the sum of all social relations, and in order to achieve liberation in the true sense of the word, it is necessary to get rid of the existing exploitative relations, that is, the capitalist system.Under its exploitation and oppression, labour is "honey for him and arsenic for me" for workers.Labour is no longer the realisation of the worker's self-worth, but the enemy of the worker, resulting in the alienation of the worker, who becomes poorer the more he works.Therefore, according to Marx, a socialist revolution is necessary to eliminate this phenomenon, and the existing system of exploitation must be overthrown.And the combination of education with productive labour will help the proletariat to fight for access to education in order to help them get rid of their ignorance, to stimulate their fighting spirit, and to empower them to confront the bourgeoisie and to overthrow the system of exploitation that it has devised and maintains.

The Fundamental Principle Remains Unchanged
Insisting on the unity of knowledge and practice has always been the fundamental principle of labour education in colleges and universities, which is also the proper meaning of labour education.The starting point of the Party's labour education is to break down the barriers between scientific knowledge and production practice, and to combine the two through labour, so as to transform scientific potential energy into production potential energy, and to promote the rapid development of the economy and society.If the fundamental principle of unity of knowledge and practice is not adhered to, it is impossible to break the barriers between science and production, and there is no way to improve productivity and promote the development of economic life.
The purpose of strengthening labour education in colleges and universities is to enable students to combine the theoretical knowledge they have learned with concrete practice, and to test what they have learned, develop what they have learned, and innovate what they have learned in practice.As stressed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, it is important to put the knowledge in books and head into action, so as to unite knowledge and action, thus achieving the ideal effect of promoting action with knowledge and seeking knowledge with action.Therefore, colleges and universities must adhere to the principle of unity of knowledge and action when carrying out labour education, and combine labour and education organically in a scientific way, and the deviation of either of the two will affect the final effect of labour education in colleges and universities.
From the "Opinions" stressed the focus of labour education, that is, in addition to receiving systematic cultural knowledge learning, students also need to let students practice, sweat, participate in daily life, production and service labour, we can see that the new era of higher education labour education still need to adhere to the fundamental principle of the unity of knowledge and action."Knowing" requires colleges and universities to give full play to their theoretical advantages, and through systematic lectures, help college students master the theoretical knowledge of labour, cultivate labour sentiment, set up correct labour concepts, develop good labour habits, and enhance labour education, so as to lay the foundation for "doing"."Action" is to carry out corresponding practical activities, guide students to put the theoretical knowledge learned in the classroom into practice, to carry out service labour, creative labour and life labour, etc., to form a healthy and upward spirit of labour and improve labour literacy in labour practice.Only by adhering to the unity of knowledge and practice can we avoid the dilemma of labour education being replaced by theoretical classes and falling into the dilemma of non-practical labour education, and also avoid the dilemma of non-curricular labour education, which is only practice without education.

The Mission of Educating People Remains Unchanged
Cultivating the talents needed by the times has been the mission of labour education from the beginning to the end.At the beginning of the founding of New China, the special conditions of the country at that time required schools to train a large number of talents to help the country's recovery and reconstruction work, and the Party and the State introduced a series of guidelines and policies to promote the combination of education and production and to strengthen labour education.Documents such as the Provisional Teaching Plan for Primary Schools under the Old System of "4-2" and the State Council's Provisions on the Teaching, Labour and Living Arrangements for Full-time Schools all contain corresponding requirements and provisions for the development of labour education in schools.After the reform and opening up of China, in order to meet the needs of new developments, the Party and the State introduced new policies to promote labour education to better meet the economic and social developments of the time, such as the "Trial Opinions on the Provision of Labour and Technology Education Classes in General Secondary Schools", which emphasized the need to provide labour and technology education classes in order to thoroughly carry out the Party's education policy and promote the development of the country's society.
Since the 18th Party Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has been analysing the new changes in the world and national conditions, and has added the new requirement of "labour" on top of the previous requirement of fostering "allround development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics and aesthetics", and has emphasised that all five aspects of education should be taken into account, i.e., the fostering of The new man of the age is to be "fully developed in morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics and labour".Among them, "labour" is the foundation of "morality, intelligence, physical fitness and aesthetics", which is a key move in cultivating the new man of the times, and it can help the new man of the times to rectify his outlook, increase his wisdom, strengthen his body and forge his sense of aesthetics."Virtue, intelligence, physical fitness and aesthetics, in turn, have a certain influence on labour.They influence each other, are intertwined, and are indispensable, and the absence of any one of them will make it impossible to cultivate a new man of the times with all-round development.
In the new era, in order to cope with the unprecedented changes and various opportunities and challenges, to build a new development pattern of "double-cycle", and to successfully achieve the "Chinese Dream", the Party and the country have decided that colleges and universities need to cultivate talents with all-round development in morality, intellectuality, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labour, so as to meet the development requirements of the country and the society.and society.Labour education can "cultivate people with healthy labour values, the pursuit of social justice, the combination of physical and mental strength, and the development of a "well-rounded person" with a free personality".As a base for exporting talents, colleges and universities shoulder the mission of sending all kinds of qualified talents for the country, the Party and the society.Scientific labour education can help college students to get the confirmation of self-worth in transforming the nature, and promote them to know themselves correctly, so that they can improve themselves and become a person of all-round development, and inject their own strength into the promotion of socialist development in the new era.

In the "Change" and "Unchanged" Dialectical Unity to Create A New Form of Labour Education
In the dialectical unity of "change" and "no change" of labour education in colleges and universities in the new era, and under the guidance of the educational concept of "Three-Whole Parenting", we should strive to create a new form of labour education to meet the requirements of the mission of cultivating morals and educating people in colleges and universities in the new era.In order to adapt to the requirements of the mission of cultivating moral integrity in colleges and universities in the new era.

Insisting on Full Participation and Fully Mobilising the Enthusiasm of All Subjects
In order to promote labour education in colleges and universities, it is necessary to establish a coordinated mechanism involving the state, schools, families and students.
First of all, the state needs to stand on the overall height to develop and improve the relevant top-level design, point out the general direction for the development of labour education in colleges and universities, and provide policy guidance.Secondly, as the main position of college students' labour education, colleges and universities need to implement the national education policy in earnest and at the same time deeply understand the value of labour education.Adhere to the student-centered value orientation, enter the students to understand their needs, points of interest, specific analysis of the student's labor attitude, labor habits, labor values, labor theory and skills, and other status quo, to grasp their strengths and shortcomings, in accordance with the objective law of the basis of the development of scientific and complete colleges and universities of labor education curriculum system, in order to carry out targeted labor education, improve the accuracy of labor education.sex.In addition, teachers, as the key subjects of labour education, play an important role in the development of labour education, so it is necessary to strengthen the incentive mechanism for teachers, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of teachers to deeply participate in labour education through the inclusion of teaching practice and internship guidance in the performance appraisal and other means.
Thirdly, students, as the target of labour education, need to exert their own initiative and actively participate in the practice of labour education both in and out of school in order to carry out self-education.
Finally, families play an important role in the development of labour education.General Secretary Xi Jinping once stressed that no matter how the times and society change and develop, the importance of the family can never be shaken, and the construction of the family can never be slackened.The family plays a pivotal role in the formation of an individual's view of labour.Therefore, families need to establish a correct view of labour cultivation, and parents need to set a good example of love of labour and hard work for their children, and help their children to form a correct concept of labour and good labour habits.

Adhering to the Whole Process of Participation and Enriching the Content of Labour Education
In order to achieve full participation in labour education, colleges and universities need to start from two perspectives: horizontal and vertical.Firstly, the horizontal aspect is to enrich the content of labour education.First, the study of the "Four Histories" should be integrated into labour education.The "Four Histories" essentially show the history of the Chinese nation's struggle towards great rejuvenation step by step through its own unremitting efforts.Integrating the "Four Histories" with labour education is conducive to college students' deep understanding of the significance of labour practice for the country, the nation and the individual in the study of history, and the establishment of a Marxist view of labour in order to resist the invasion of undesirable trends.Secondly, to carry out activities such as bringing model workers to campus, inviting national or local model workers to campus for face-to-face exchanges and sharing with students, which can narrow the psychological distance between students and model workers, and make students feel that you and I can all become model workers if we are practical and hard-working.Thirdly, taking the Labour Day and other festivals as an opportunity, we have carried out community volunteer activities and cooperated with rural areas to carry out thematic activities to help revitalize the countryside to enrich the content of labour education.
Secondly, vertically, labour education is carried out in accordance with the requirements of college students at different stages of their studies.Firstly, for freshmen and sophomores, as they have just entered the university stage, the biggest difficulty they face may be the problem of adapting to university life.Therefore, relevant life skills courses designed to help them achieve independent living can be offered to connect with secondary school labour education, so that they can adapt to university life better and faster.Secondly, for the juniors who have already adapted to university life, labour education should be combined with their professional knowledge, so that they can experience the hardship of labour in labour practice and develop the spirit of not being afraid of hard work and being down-to-earth and conscientious in their studies.Thirdly, for the graduating juniors, employment is their main concern.Therefore, it is possible to cooperate with enterprises to carry out enterprise internship activities to improve their labour skills so that they can better enter society and adapt to its needs.

Adhere to the All-Round Promotion and Expansion of the Labour Education Field
Colleges and universities need to make full use of all kinds of educational carriers and resources to promote the all-round development of labour education.First of all, life is the best teaching material, labour education in colleges and universities needs to be integrated into students' daily life, improve students' life skills, make them learn to take care of themselves and enhance their self-management ability.This will not only help them to experience the role and value of labour in life, but also help to enhance their love for labour and improve their relationship with working people.
Secondly, we actively carry out activities both inside and outside the school.Through various kinds of practical activities carried out by off-campus practice bases, oncampus club activities, summer practice and research, students are guided to participate in specific labour practice activities and refine their labour skills.In addition, colleges and universities can establish a twinning platform with the party branches of the counterpart poverty alleviation villages, so that students can go deep into the grassroots, walk in the front line of poverty alleviation, transform theoretical knowledge into practical motivation, and devote themselves to the revitalisation of the countryside with practical actions, which prompts them to experience the life of grass-roots people and the local (regional) culture, and to improve their practical ability while comprehensively enhancing the sense of social service and the sense of mission bearing.
Finally, the "Internet +" labour education model.College students in the new era are no one, no time, no place, the Internet is the main position of college students' activities.Colleges and universities should grasp this position.Therefore, colleges and universities need to make use of the convenience and interactivity of the network to provide students with diversified learning resources; make use of the spreading advantages of Apps such as Learning Power, Beep, Shake and other Apps as well as WeChat public numbers such as the official microblogs of school colleges and other WeChat public numbers among students to guide students to learn the stories of model workers and carry forward the spirit of labour.
In a word, in order to achieve the mission of cultivating morality and educating people in colleges and universities in the new era, it is necessary to make progress according to the time and be new according to the situation, and on the basis of correctly grasping the "change" and "unchanged" in college and university labour education, adhere to the "Three-Whole Education" education concept, be practical and realistic, and promote the spirit of labour.On the basis of correctly grasping the "changes" and "constants" of labour education in colleges and universities, we should adhere to the education concept of "three-whole-education", be practical, and create a new form of labour education in colleges and universities by insisting on the "three insistence" on the participation of all the staff in order to fully mobilise the enthusiasm of all the main bodies, the whole process of participation in order to enrich the content of labour education, and the full range of labour education to expand the scope of labour education.To achieve the ideal effect of attracting students, retaining students and teaching students well, and to help colleges and universities to accomplish the mission of cultivating morality and educating people.