Exploration of Practical Teaching in Ideological Ethics and Rule of Law Classes

: Ideological ethics and the rule of law is the main course in the ideological and political theory course in colleges and universities, practical teaching is an important part of the ideological ethics and the rule of law course, the college in accordance with the teaching standards of the course, designed a series of practical projects to complete the class to report on the programme, on the basis of which relying on the college's "146" business integration development model to promote the exploration of practical teaching, the formation of the ideological ethics and the rule of law, and the development of a series of practical projects. On the basis of this, relying on the college's "146" business integration development model to promote the exploration of practice teaching, the formation of ideological ethics and the rule of law class "learning, thinking, research, practice" four links of knowledge and behaviour transformation practice teaching method and achieved initial results.


Introduction
Ideological and political theory course in colleges and universities is a compulsory course for college students during their school years, and it is a key course for comprehensively implementing the Party's education policy and implementing the fundamental task of establishing moral education.It is the main channel of systematic Marxist theory education for college students, which can cultivate more newcomers of the times who will assume the great responsibility of national rejuvenation for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.The ideological and political theory course of "ideological ethics and the rule of law" is one of the main and core courses.Along with the smooth development of China's new era, the compulsory ideological and political theory course "ideology, morality and the rule of law" class in colleges and universities is also facing new teaching requirements under the new situation.
Practical teaching is an important part of the teaching of ideological and political theory courses, and through scientific and standardized design and implementation, it can help college students to effectively understand and apply Marxist-Leninist theories, understand and pay attention to the actual situation of the country's development, grow the ability to combine theory and practice, enhance the sense of social responsibility and the spirit of volunteerism, and improve their comprehensive qualities.In 2017, the State Council, in the "Ideological and Political Work of College Students in Colleges and Universities In 2017, the State Council, in its "Guiding Opinions on the Ideological and Political Work of College Students", proposed that the ideological and political work of colleges and universities should be "strengthened with practical activities, and enhance the participation of teachers and students in social practice activities".The reform and innovation of ideological and political theory courses should adhere to the unity of theory and practice, train people with scientific theories, attach importance to the practicality of the ideological and political courses, combine the small classroom of ideology and politics with the big classroom of the society, and educate and guide students to set up magpie aspirations and be strugglers."In the same year, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council put forward in the Opinions on Deepening the Reform and Innovation of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Schools in the New Era that "we should adhere to the unity of observance and innovation, and implement the requirements for reform and innovation of the Civic and Political Theory Courses in the new era".All of the above put forward specific requirements for the teaching design and innovation of ideological and political theory courses in the new era, in which the essential core link is to improve the quality and effectiveness of the teaching of ideological ethics and the rule of law courses by improving and strengthening practical teaching.Based on this, in recent years, the course team has strictly followed the requirements of the documents of the higher authorities, and carried out the exploration of the "learning, thinking, researching, and practicing" four-link knowledge and behavioural transformation practice teaching method in the reform of education and teaching.

The Content of the Four-Step Practical Teaching Method of Ideological Ethics and the Rule of Law Classes
In order to implement the "Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving the Ideological and Political Education of College Students" put forward by the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council, the political theory course must "adhere to the principle of combining political theory education with social practice", and in order to implement the "eight unity" teaching requirements, we are striving to improve the teaching of ideological and political theory course.In order to implement the teaching requirements of "eight unity", and to improve the effectiveness of the teaching of ideological and political theory courses, and to let students "use their hands, brains and mouths", deepen their understanding of theories in practice and improve their ability to apply the theories, the teaching team of this ideology, morality and the rule of law course has formulated a practical teaching programme which is set up in the classroom, completed in the classroom, and finally reported in the classroom, in accordance with the new teaching materials for the ideology, morality and the rule of law course in the edition of 2021.Semester practical teaching programme.

Overview of the Practical Teaching of
Completing the Classroom Reporting Class under the Lesson 2.1.1.Principles of Formulating the Practical Teaching Programme for Completing the Class Report After Class Ideology, morality and the rule of law class is mainly responsible for the education of college students on the concept of life, values, morality, the concept of the rule of law, practice teaching adhere to the theoretical content of teaching extension; the content of practice teaching should be the expansion and improvement of theoretical content, through the design of the practice teaching links to enrich the theoretical content, improve the teaching materials; the new era of college students are in a highly developed era of information technology, culture, information control ability, active thinking, and the ability of the class to report to the classroom.The new age college students are in an era of highly developed information technology, with strong information control ability, active thinking, critical thinking, insufficient social experience, not fully mature values, and insufficiently comprehensive and profound understanding of society.Based on this, practical teaching should be targeted in the development of teaching programmes, taking full account of the current situation of students, and should not be a formality in order to cope with the inspection.Design and determine the effectiveness of the practical teaching programme is the principle of ideology, morality and the rule of law class focus on helping college students to solve the practical problems encountered in their growth and success, which is also the key point of the course to improve the effectiveness of the teaching; Civics class practice teaching for the students to pay attention to the current situation, indepth social, a deep understanding of Marxist theory, to set up a correct outlook on life, values, morality, rule of law, provides an effective way and means to.Let the theoretical teaching really get into the brain, heart and action.

Completion of the Content of Classroom Reporting
Practical Teaching After Class The practical teaching programme is formed and formulated after collective discussion by the course team and review by the School of Marxism and the Academic Affairs Office.The programme is closely related to the theoretical teaching content, relying on the corresponding chapters of the new textbook to design, specific practice throughout the upper and lower semesters, a total of eight programmes, the first consistent fourth completed in the first semester of the first year of university, the fifth to the eighth completed in the second semester of the first year of university, and each project is developed with a separate assessment and evaluation methods.
The first practical project is: "Please don't worry about the Party, the country is strong for me" of the university life planning.In response to the messages and calls from the leaders of the Party and the State, students made a plan for their future university life, taking into account the development needs of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and their own professional characteristics.In order to ensure that the new students have a clear sense of responsibility, grasp the university time and plan for the future rationally.Teachers in the course provided counselling to students in groups on the introductory theme of "Civics and Law", which is "Taking up the Great Responsibility of Revival and Achieving the New Man of the Times", and assisted them in completing the planning and classroom presentations.
The second practical project was the micro-video presentation of "What is Happiness?The second practical project was a micro-video presentation of "What is Happiness?Through thinking about "What is true happiness in life?What are the ways to achieve happiness?"and other life issues, we help students to establish a correct outlook on life, values and happiness, correctly understand and deal with life conflicts, resist the negative influence of certain undesirable realities, and deal with life circumstances scientifically.Teachers of the course conducted special counselling in the context of the first chapter of the "Civics and Dharma" class, "Understanding the true meaning of life and grasping the direction of life", and assisted students in completing the production of microvideos and classroom presentations.
The third practical project is: "Have you realised your dream?The third practical project was "Have You Realised Your Ideals?In order to enable students to correctly understand the relationship between ideals and reality, clarify their responsibilities and missions, consciously set up correct ideals and beliefs, and fully prepare themselves to fly their youthful dreams in the practice of realising the Chinese dream, this practical activity project was specially formulated.Teachers will combine the relevant teaching contents in Chapter 2 of the "Civics and Law" class, "Pursuing Great Ideals and Firming Noble Beliefs", provide counselling to students in groups, and assist them in completing interviews and classroom presentations.
The fourth practical project was the patriotism report and exhibition of "Qingyuan or Guangzhou under the lens".Through the process of students' comprehensive understanding of the local customs, historical changes, cultural traditions, celebrities and reform achievements of Qingyuan or Guangzhou, the project further cultivated students' love for the motherland and inspired their patriotic consciousness.Teachers in the class combined the content of Chapter 3 "Inherit the Good Traditions and Promote the Chinese Spirit" with the content of "Civics and Law" to provide counselling to groups of students and assist them in completing the materials and classroom presentations.
The fifth practical project was: "Ode to the anti-epidemic family letters and promote the anti-epidemic spirit" reading and appreciation activity.Through reading aloud and appreciating the letters sent back from the "epidemic" line, the project connects the fight against the epidemic with the practice of socialist core values, cultivates noble moral sentiments, carries forward the spirit of the fight against the epidemic, and unites the powerful youth force to overcome the epidemic.Teachers in the class provided counselling to students on the contents of Chapter 4 of the Civics and Law course, "Clarifying Value Requirements and Practising Value Standards", and assisted them in completing the materials and classroom presentations.
The sixth practical project is "Learning from Moral Models", which is an activity of reporting and displaying moral practices.Through students' comprehensive analyses of the social morality, professional ethics, family virtues and moral character of the moral models, the project aims to improve students' moral level, consciously look up to the moral models, and develop a good moral character.Teachers in the class will help students to establish a practical theme in accordance with the contents of Chapter 5 of the "Civics and Law" course, which is entitled "Abiding by Moral Norms and Sharpening Moral Character", and will assist groups of students in completing the materials and classroom presentations.
The seventh practical project was a micro-video presentation on "College Students' View on Love and Marriage".The project is based on students' reflection on "What is the correct outlook on love and marriage in the new era?What relationships should be dealt with in order to establish a correct outlook on love and marriage?"The project helps students to establish the correct outlook on love and marriage, improve their ability to deal with complex feelings and interpersonal relationships, correctly understand the contradictions in life, and promote their healthy growth and successful development.Teachers in the courses provided special counselling to students in the context of Chapter 5 of CiFa: "Observing Moral Norms and Sharpening Moral Character", and assisted groups of students in the production of micro-videos and classroom presentations.
The eighth practical project is the "Students Speak Out" activity.Through students' discussion and analysis of typical cases, the project aims to improve students' understanding and judgement of legal issues, as well as their practical ability to discipline themselves, act in accordance with the law, and protect their rights and interests in accordance with the law.Teachers in the course provide counselling to students in the context of Chapter 6 of the course, "Learning the Rule of Law and Enhancing Rule of Law Literacy", and assist groups of students in completing the materials and classroom presentations.
In the process of teaching reform, the course team promotes teaching reform on the basis of "completing the classroom report type of practical teaching after class" and relying on the "146" business integration model of the School of Ma.The School of Marxism takes the high-quality development of ideological and political education as its main line ("1"), and the four positions of college students' ideological and theoretical education, social practice, curriculum ideology, and students' party building as its grasp ("4").The school of Marxism has strengthened the docking cooperation between the school and six departments, including the Organisation Department of the Party Committee, the Propaganda and United Front Work Department, the Youth League Committee, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Academic Affairs, and the Ministry of Academic Engineering, etc. ("6"), and constructed the work method of promoting the integration of party building and civic education.Promote the high-quality development of party building and civic education.Based on the above conditions, the course team in the design and exploration, the formation of "learning, thinking, research, practice" four links of knowledge and behaviour transformation practice teaching method.

Learning
Learning is the foundation of knowledge, the process of acquiring knowledge through reading, listening, thinking, researching and practicing.Two learning spaces are gradually formed in the teaching of ideology, ethics and rule of law classes: one is the lecture space.Teachers use case law, interactive method, inspiration and other teaching methods, but also try to introduce art penetration into the classroom, such as holding an epidemic period of protest letters appreciation recitation activities, so that students in the art appreciation to further appreciate the spirit of collectivism of sacrificing a small family for the sake of the community; the second is the space of the pulpit.Guangdong Construction Vocational and Technical College has founded the Luban Lecture Hall for many years, inviting moral models from all walks of life, artists and craftsmen, and non-genetic inheritors to give lectures.Through the lecture theatre space, students have expanded their learning platform, learnt about outstanding figures and traditional virtues from a close distance, and gained new knowledge that is not found in the textbooks.

Thinking
Thinking is to better understand knowledge, students use three methods of "thinking" under the guidance of teachers: first, "debate".Teachers adopt small drama, classroom debate, group discussion, theme recitation and speech and other forms of in-class practical teaching to motivate students to take the initiative to look up and think about typical and hot moral and rule of law issues; the second is the "competition".By organizing various events such as moral or rule of law knowledge competitions, mock courts and handwriting competitions on the theme of happiness, students can deepen their thinking and understanding of revolutionary morality, traditional virtues and the rule of law through active participation; and the third is "watching".Students have a more rational understanding of international and domestic current affairs, morality and the current situation of the construction of the rule of law, and enhance their sense of family and national sentiment and responsibility by participating in the revolutionary morality or traditional virtues viewing salon, visiting the College's Wisdom Party Building Centre and Essence Genealogy Base, and watching the weekend-focused audio-visual materials on current affairs.

Research
Research is the elevation of thinking and learning, referring to reviewing and fine-tuning; study refers to exhausting and pursuing the root.Combined together, it means a process of seriously asking questions and finding answers to them in a systematic way.Here refers to the teachers to take different ways to encourage, guide college students to carry out "research": method one is the team self-led learning.Students are free to combine to establish a study group, through the discussion of revolutionary morality, traditional virtues, the rule of law construction of the theme of collective learning, students in the active access, digesting the process of exchanges, collision of their respective points of view, exercise and strengthen the ability of teamwork; method two is to arrange for the students to research-based teaching.Under the guidance of the teacher, they complete social investigation reports on the themes of revolutionary morality, traditional virtues, and the construction of the rule of law, and finally report and present and summarise them in the class.Through this kind of research, students can combine the theories of revolutionary morality, traditional virtues, and rule of law construction they have mastered with the social reality.

Practising
Practising means practice, which refers to doing something with practical actions and achieving improvement.There are two different channels for students to carry out "practice": the first is the "external guidance" type of practice."Encourage students to go deep into the grassroots of society to conduct investigations and research, combine their majors, cooperate with various industrial enterprises, accumulate social practice experience, and advocate students to serve the people and dedicate themselves to the society".Teachers lead students into enterprises, communities and fields, and students measure the motherland with their feet, discover the spirit of China with their eyes, listen to the people's voices with their ears, understand the grassroots and ethical affinities, and are enthusiastic about public welfare and volunteer services; the second is the "endogenous" type of practice.The second is "endogenous" practice.Relying mainly on the annual campus science and technology culture festival and other activities, red Luban education activities, various practice teaching base activities on campus, and the Constitution Day publicity activities, students freely choose the practice object to carry out the theme of revolutionary morality, traditional virtues and rule of law construction practice teaching.
Guangdong Construction Vocational College of ideology, morality and the rule of law class of four links of knowledge and behaviour transformation practice teaching method, away from the traditional classroom indoctrination one-way teaching thinking, the traditional classroom teaching and a rich variety of practice teaching organic combination.Through the organisation and design of "two, three, two, two, two" progressive links, "learning -thinking -researchpractice".Through the logical process of "learning -thinking -researching -practicing", students deepen their understanding of Marxist theoretical knowledge, enhance their ability to analyse and solve problems on their own, transfer abstract language and theories to the reality of life, and experience, perceive and understand them in the process of participation, which will then be internalised into their personal moral qualities, rule of law qualities, and externalised into their daily mannerisms and behaviours.The four links are closely integrated, students can "be educated, grow their talents, make contributions", "really understand, really believe, really use", knowledge and action to achieve unity, and ultimately grow into a new man of the times who consciously take on the great responsibility of national rejuvenation.

Ethics and the Rule of Law Class Four Links of Knowledge and Behaviour Transformation of the Effectiveness of Practical Teaching Methods
After several years of ideological ethics and the rule of law class four links of knowledge and behavioural transformation of practical teaching method teaching reform construction, we have worked out an open double combination of "knowledge and behavioural transformation of unity" teaching mode, formed its own characteristics and achieved initial results.

Isolated Classroom and Extracurricular Space Due to the Marriage of Open Educational Resources, Increased Teaching Objects
Education in higher vocational colleges and universities emphasises the integration of engineering, ideology, morality and the rule of law class teaching if it only stays in the realm of theoretical lectures is not in line with the laws of educational development, Guangdong Construction Vocational and Technical College for the cultivation of highquality technical and skilled personnel for the construction industry, relying on the teaching objectives of enhancing the quality of students' ideology, morality and the rule of law literacy, in the feelings into the reasoning to talk about the fine talk through the basis of a reasonable use of the Pearl River Delta geographical resources, innovative Teaching content, multi-channel training of students.
Firstly, experts and master craftsmen are invited to the campus through forums and lectures.The Luban Forum established by Guangdong Construction Vocational College is divided into expert forum, youth forum, entrepreneur forum and master craftsman forum.The Youth Forum mainly invites outstanding students who have graduated from the school to tell the students about their own growth and success, innovation and entrepreneurship; the Entrepreneurs Forum mainly invites famous industrial entrepreneurs in the Pearl River Delta region to make reports on entrepreneurship, enterprise spirit, family spirit, service to the society and other topics for the students, so that the students can understand more about entrepreneurs' spirit of family unity and professional ethics.In the Master Craftsman Forum, the school will invite famous architects to give lectures at the college, asking them to tell students about their career growth path and analyse the significance of craftsmanship.
The second is to go out through various practice bases outside the school.Combined with the nature of the course and local humanities and social resources, the school has established more than twenty social practice bases for college students, such as the village of Jianyuan help, the District Court, the District Home for the Elderly, the District Special School, the Jinshite Company, the Municipal Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Centre, and the townships of the ethnic minorities in the northern part of Guangdong Province, etc. Teachers in the School of Marxism are also responsible for some of the bases, and they will regularly take students through on-site visits when the epidemic situation stabilises, When the epidemic is stable, students will be brought to the bases regularly through site visits, short-term practical training, on-site volunteer services and other forms of education and competence in practice, warming others and illuminating themselves in volunteer services, helping students to understand and serve the society while promoting the spirit of love and benevolence, and refining their personal character, so as to realise a win-win situation for both the vocational colleges and the bases.

On-campus and off-campus Independent Areas have Renewed Their Teaching Methods Through the Friendship of Open Education Space
Higher vocational colleges and universities attach great importance to the unity of knowledge and skills, focusing on cultivating students' artisanal spirit, the outlook on life, values, morality, and the rule of law should also be educated to cultivate students' all-round development in the same direction.Civics class in the classroom teaching at the same time, the College of Ma based on the flexible design of different professions, guiding students outside the classroom to explore the teaching space, innovative design of teaching methods and means.
First, based on the school, from the classroom to the campus.Based on the activities organised by the Youth League Committee, the academic staff and the School of Ma, such as the Campus Science and Technology and Culture Festival, the Red Luban Education Activity, the activities of various on-campus practice teaching bases, and the publicity activities on the Constitution Day, the students can realise their self-practice and self-education.There are nearly sixty student associations of various kinds in GDJC, which create good conditions for enriching practical activities on campus.Many teachers of the School of Marxism are themselves instructors of the clubs, and the School of Marxism will cooperate with the Youth League Committee of the College to organise a variety of competitions and thematic cultural activities.Second, based on society, from school to society.The school's goal of strengthening the school emphasises the need to serve the region and go international Teachers of the School of Marxism lead students out of the study halls to enterprises, communities and rural areas to measure the motherland with their feet, to deeply understand the Chinese society, to understand the national conditions of China, and to enhance their ability to contribute to the society.In order to cultivate students' spirit of service to others and selfless dedication, the teachers give full play to their strengths by giving lectures on the Party's theories and interpreting the rule of law for enterprises, communities and village committees, and by organising and leading students to carry out the summer "three trips to the countryside" for university students to volunteer to promote the socialist core values and carry out rule of law propaganda activities.Students sensed the pulse of the times at the grass-roots level, and in this classroom, students combined the theory and practice of revolutionary morality, traditional virtues and the spirit of the rule of law with the emotion of sharing the same destiny with the people, strengthened their sense of moral responsibility and sense of mission, and improved their ability to adapt to the society, laying a good foundation of morality and the rule of law for the society they will enter in the future.

Conclusion
The basic problem of ideological and political education is how to make people transform their ideological and moral understanding into corresponding behaviours and their habits."On paper, it is not easy to understand, but to do it", the ideological and moral and rule of law curriculum contains profound Chinese wisdom, providing valuable spiritual nutrition for the growth of students in higher vocational colleges and universities in the new era.College students to devote themselves to the moral practice of reverence for virtue and goodness and the practice of the rule of law by obeying the law and abiding by the law, it is required that educators in the teaching work, through the exploration and use of the practical teaching method of the transformation of knowledge and action, to take the open dual combination mode to innovate the past ideological and moral and rule of law course practice teaching short board, cultivate students' interest in learning, and constantly improve the relevance and effectiveness of the ideological and moral and rule of law course practice teaching to cultivate the students in the form of "pillars of rejuvenation and pioneers of a strong nation" as their own responsibility, guide students to embrace morality and the spirit of red craftsmanship and volunteerism, cultivate the spirit of red craftsmanship and volunteerism, and continuously improve the literacy of the rule of law of socialism with Chinese characteristics, so that the flower of morality and the rule of law will always blossom in the minds of college students in the new era.