The Effect of "Favoritism" of Older Children on Parent-Child Relationships in Two-Child Families

Abstract

Since the two-child policy was fully launched in 2016, China has witnessed a significant increase in two-child families. This study examines the effect of parental "favoritism" toward the eldest child on parent-child relationships. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with four groups of families, all with an age gap of 2-4 years between their two children. The results indicate that parental attitudes and behaviors after the birth of the second child significantly impact the eldest children's behavior and well-being. Parents often unwittingly privilege their youngest children, contributing to emotional instability and behavioral problems in their oldest children. Moreover, mothers experience physical and emotional changes after the birth of the second child, affecting their interactions with the oldest child. However, most mothers strive to balance their attention between both children. Children are able to recognize the arrival of younger siblings. They will also express their feelings about their parents' preferences and their expectations of their future siblings.In sum, the current study uncovered the complex dynamics in two-child families and stressed the significance of equality and emotional support in contributing to a harmonious family atmosphere. These findings can provide insights to guide parenting strategies and help tackle the challenges posed by family structure changes in the context of China's two-child policy.