Persistent Racial Disparities in US Infant Mortality, 1995-2017
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/ra5apd53Keywords:
Infant mortality; US; Racial disparities; Mortality rates.Abstract
In the United States, black babies are significantly more likely to die at birth than white babies. In order to determine the relationship between the risk of neonatal death and race, this research conduct a national-based study of 89.7 million live singleton births between 1995 and 2017. We assessed whether the racial/ethnic disparity in infant mortality narrowed, persisted, or widened over these years, which coincides with a period of substantial improvements in neonatal care. Our study contributes to a growing literature on racial disparities in infant mortality.
Downloads
References
[1] Mathews TJ, Driscoll AK. Trends in Infant Mortality in the United States, 2005-2014. NCHS Data Brief. 2017;(279):1-8.
[2] Riddell CA, Harper S, Kaufman JS. Trends in Differences in US Mortality Rates Between Black and White Infants. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(9):911-913. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1365
[3] Travers CP, Carlo WA, McDonald SA, et al. Racial/Ethnic Disparities Among Extremely Preterm Infants in the United States From 2002 to 2016. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(6):e206757. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.6757
[4] Shukla VV, Youngblood EM, Tindal RR, Carlo WA, Travers CP. Persistent disparities in black infant mortality across gestational ages in the United States. J Perinatol. 2024;44(4):584-586. doi:10.1038/s41372-023-01863-6
[5] Rossen LM, Schoendorf KC. Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Infant Mortality Rates in the United States, 1989–2006. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(8):1549. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301272
[6] Prasath A, Kumar VHS. Special Issue: Advances in Healthcare for Neonates. Children. 2023;10(6):1048. doi:10.3390/children10061048
[7] Villar J, Cheikh Ismail L, Victora CG, et al. International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. Lancet Lond Engl. 2014;384(9946):857-868. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60932-6
[8] Matoba N, Collins JW. Racial disparity in infant mortality. Semin Perinatol. 2017;41(6):354-359. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2017.07.003
[9] Ely DM, Driscoll AK. Infant Mortality in the United States, 2020: Data From the Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File. Natl Vital Stat Rep Cent Dis Control Prev Natl Cent Health Stat Natl Vital Stat Syst. 2022;71(5):1-18.
[10] Johnson DL, Carlo WA, Rahman AKMF, et al. Health Insurance and Differences in Infant Mortality Rates in the US. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(10):e2337690. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37690
[11] Jang CJ, Lee HC. A Review of Racial Disparities in Infant Mortality in the US. Children. 2022;9(2):257. doi:10.3390/children9020257
[12] Sullivan BA, Doshi A, Chernyavskiy P, et al. Neighborhood Deprivation and Association With Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Mortality and Morbidity for Extremely Premature Infants. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(5):e2311761. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.11761
[13] Horbar JD, Edwards EM, Greenberg LT, et al. Racial Segregation and Inequality in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for Very Low-Birth-Weight and Very Preterm Infants. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(5):455-461. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0241
[14] Venkatesh KK, Lynch CD, Costantine MM, et al. Trends in Active Treatment of Live-born Neonates Between 22 Weeks 0 Days and 25 Weeks 6 Days by Gestational Age and Maternal Race and Ethnicity in the US, 2014 to 2020. JAMA. 2022;328(7):652-662. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.12841
[15] Martin JA, Osterman MJK, Driscoll AK. Declines in Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy in the United States, 2016-2021. NCHS Data Brief. 2023;(458):1-8.
[16] Dose–response association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of infant death: a nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study - eClinicalMedicine. Accessed October 16, 2024. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(23)00035-4/fulltext#
[17] Cnattingius S, Johansson S, Razaz N. Apgar Score and Risk of Neonatal Death among Preterm Infants. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(1):49-57. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1915075
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
