A Review on the Implicit Attitude from the Perspective of Gender Stereotypes, Addictive Behaviors, and Public Satisfaction with Medical Services

Abstract

Implicit attitude is an academic conception always appears in cognitive psychology and sociology psychology. Implicit attitude can be defined as "retrospectively undetected (or misidentified) remnants of prior experience that mediate emotion, cognition, or behaviour towards a social object". These perspectives come from Anthony Greenwald and Mahzarin Banaji. Nowadays, there is a prevalent phenomenon that individuals always have concepts of implicit stereotype. For instance, an age stereotype, racial discrimination, gender bias and so on. From the perspective of research method, researchers are able to use Implicit Associations Test to demonstrate that experimental participants show a response bias in support of a stereotypical association. Overall, researchers can use various methods of implicit attitude to test stereotype in daily life, and suggest some ideas to change their concepts. Individuals with higher social trust evaluated medical services more positively. Implicit attitudes also play a role in reinforcing gender stereotypes, as seen in research on female college students in China who associate female sexuality with passivity and male sexuality with dominance. Additionally, implicit attitudes affect addictive behaviors, with studies highlighting the disparities in the implicit and explicit attitudes regarding smoking between non-smokers and smokers. Overall, understand and mitigation of implicit biases is crucial for promoting fairness and inclusivity in various sectors of society.