Exploring Two Major Factors Affecting Mainland Graduates in Hong Kong Universities Back to Mainland from the Perspective of Cultural Capital Theory

Abstract

From the perspective of cultural capital theory, this paper explores two major factors influencing Mainland graduates’ choices to return to the mainland after completing their studies in Hong Kong’s tertiary institutions: institutional environment and family social capital. The study reveals that, although the Hong Kong government has introduced various policies, such as the Immigration Arrangements for Non-local Graduates (IANG), to encourage Mainland students to remain in Hong Kong, these policies have shown limited effects in practice. Conversely, the talent flow back to Mainland China has been significantly driven by policy incentives like the “Thousand Talents Program” implemented by the Chinese government. In addition, family social capital also plays an important role in graduates’ decision-making. Factors such as family relationship, social network, and financial support significantly affect mainland students’ career choice and sense of cultural belonging. This paper provides valuable insights for the Mainland and Hong Kong in terms of talent exchange and retention policies, and also suggests research directions for further optimizing the relevant policies.