Tumor Microenvironment-Sensitive Nanomedicine Delivery System Application Progress in Multidrug Resistant Breast Cancer

Xinyue Zhang

doi:10.54097/x9shy482

Authors

Xinyue Zhang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54097/x9shy482

Keywords:

Breast cancer; multidrug resistance (MDR); tumor microenvironment (TME); nanodrug delivery system; cascade response.

Abstract

Breast cancer represents the most prevalent oncological diagnosis and the foremost cause of cancer-induced mortality in the female population globally. The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) continues to present a substantial impediment to effective treatment. Within this context, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is intricately linked to the initiation and progression of malignant neoplasms. Recently, cascade-responsive TME-sensitive nanodrug delivery systems (TMS-NDDS) have emerged as a focus of significant research interest for the treatment of MDR breast cancer. This paper outlines the key biochemical and physicochemical characteristics of the breast cancer TME—including acidosis, hypoxia, enzyme overexpression, and redox imbalance—and discusses their roles in tumor development and drug resistance. We further summarize recent advances in the design of TMS-NDDS that utilize cascade-responsive mechanisms for targeted drug delivery and release. These systems enhance tumor accumulation through both passive and active targeting, allow precise drug release under specific TME stimuli, modulate the immunosuppressive TME, and can be integrated with other treatment modalities such as photothermal and photodynamic therapies. This review offers insights into both MDR breast cancer and cascade-responsive TMS-NDDS, thereby facilitating future advances in research and therapy.

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