Key Challenges Restricting Autonomous Driving Perception Systems

Abstract

This article focuses on the research of autonomous driving sensor technology, pointing out that sensor systems—acting as the "perceptual organs" of autonomous driving—have a direct impact on its safety and reliability. Currently, three core issues need to be addressed: synchronization errors, environmental perception errors, and electromagnetic interference. In terms of synchronization errors, differences in sampling frequencies among different sensors, clock drift, installation deviations, and other factors cause spatiotemporal misalignment. This can be addressed by unifying the clock source via the Global Positioning System (GPS)/Beidou Navigation Satellite System. Environmental perception errors are affected by weather, lighting, obstacle occlusion, and other factors, and can be resolved through hardware protection, multi-sensor fusion (e.g., the Dynamic Gaussian algorithm), and algorithm optimization. Electromagnetic interference originates from signal conflicts between radars and requires breakthroughs in hardware shielding, algorithm-based anti-interference technologies, and system redundancy design. At the same time, the article mentions that in the future, sensor technology can be enhanced in three aspects: dynamic calibration, extreme environment adaptation, and vehicle-road collaborative electromagnetic monitoring—thereby assisting in the development of autonomous driving.