The Aging Mechanism and the Telomere Depletion Theory
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/ny3wgn16Keywords:
Aging; Telomere; Cancer; Telomerase; CRISPR.Abstract
Aging in mammals is a complex biological process which is influenced by multiple mechanisms, and telomere attrition is recognized as a key hallmark among them. The gradual reduction of telomeres, which are protective structures located at the ends of chromosomes, is closely associated with cellular senescence and organismal aging. However, the precise contribution of telomere dynamics to aging and age-related diseases still has some uncertainties, and it is still debated whether telomere shortening is a cause or consequence of these processes. Recent studies have focused on both genetic and environmental factors affecting telomere length, as well as the molecular mechanisms of telomere maintenance and dysfunction. This article comprehensively outlines nine major mechanisms of aging and has a particular focus on the structure, function, and regulatory mechanisms of telomeres. The article also emphasizes the mechanism of telomere shortening and its impact on cellular and tissue aging. Additionally, the special roles of telomere maintenance mechanisms in stem cells and cancer cells are discussed. Regarding the shortening and maintenance mechanisms of telomeres and telomeres within cells, the article introduces some recent anti-aging and anti-cancer techniques, enabling readers to have a more comprehensive understanding of the role and prospects of telomeres in these fields.
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