Research Progress and Design Innovation of Radiant Wireless Charging Systems

Abstract

With the rapid development of electric vehicles, drones, wearable devices and underwater sensor networks, the way of energy replenishment has gradually become an important bottleneck restricting their continuous operation. Traditional wired charging is limited by spatial layout and interface lifespan, and near-field coupled wireless charging is difficult to meet the demands of long distance and cross-media. Therefore, the research on radiant wireless charging technologies is particularly necessary. This article provides a review of three types of radiant wireless charging technologies: laser, microwave and ultrasonic. Firstly, three types of radiation-based wireless charging technologies, namely laser, microwave and ultrasonic, were systematically sorted out and compared, and their basic principles, performance characteristics and applicable scenarios were analyzed. Secondly, in view of the deficiency that a single technology is difficult to cover multiple complex environments, a microwave-ultrasonic hybrid wireless power supply architecture was designed, and the corresponding mathematical model was established for simulation verification. Finally, based on the research results, possible future development trends and optimization directions are proposed. These studies reveal the advantages and limitations of different radiative wireless charging methods and explore more practical system solutions across media and multiple scenarios, providing references for subsequent engineering applications and academic research.