Surgical Patient’s Pre-operative Anxiety-related Factors and its Nursing Countermeasure: A Quasi-experimental Design
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/rkr58w19Keywords:
Mental Health, Nursing Countermeasure, Preoperative Anxiety, Psychological Assessment, Surgical PatientsAbstract
Preoperative anxiety often affects the mental health and possible outcomes of patients undergoing surgery. This study will investigate the factors contributing to preoperative anxiety among surgical patients at a large tertiary hospital in Guizhou Province. By analyzing these factors, we aim to develop effective nursing strategies to establish a clearer clinical nursing plan. This study investigates different patients' demographic information and their temperament types. Researchers guided patients to complete the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS-C) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to analyze the factors that caused preoperative anxiety in patients. Based on these factors and the patients' different temperament types, different nursing countermeasure were implemented, followed by post-tests to prove the effectiveness of the nursing interventions. The data in this study were managed with RaoSoft software to ensure the scientific validity of the initial sample size, resulting in a total sample of 382 people. Data analysis will be conducted using SPSS 29.0 for initial data checking, followed by statistical work using JAMOVI. The results will provide providing a foundation for preventing psychological anxiety issues in surgical patients before their operations. And insights into the development of evidence-based care strategies to effectively address preoperative anxiety and improve patient care outcomes.
Downloads
References
[1] Ali, A., Masih, S., Rabbi, F., & Rasheed, A. (2021). Effect of nurse led education on anxiety level among coronary artery bypass grafting pre-operative patients. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 71(1(B)), 238–242. https://doi.org/ 10. 47391/JPMA.325.
[2] Aktaş, G. K., & İlgin, V. E. (2023). The Effect of Deep Breathing Exercise and 4-7-8 Breathing Techniques Applied to Patients After Bariatric Surgery on Anxiety and Quality of Life. Obesity surgery, 33(3), 920–929. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/ s11695-022-06405-1.
[3] Ayele, B., Tadesse, M., Tilahun, R., & Nega, B. (2021). Translation of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Score (APAIS) into the Amharic Version and Its Validation for Evaluation of Preoperative Anxiety. Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 31(2), 349–358. https://doi.org/10. 4314/ejhs.v31i2.18.
[4] Almutary, H., & Almashi, A. (2024). Preoperative patient education: Perceptions and actual practice among nurses working in surgical units. SAGE Open Nursing, 10, Article e123456. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 23779608231226090.
[5] Agüero‐Millan, B., Abajas‐Bustillo, R., & Ortego‐Maté, C. (2023). Efficacy of nonpharmacologic interventions in preoperative anxiety: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 32(17–18), 6229–6242. https:// doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16755.
[6] Chen, B., Chen, C., Zhao, X., & Wu, X. (2024). Perioperative/postoperative anxiety and its interventions in gynecological cancers: a comprehensive review of clinical evidence. Frontiers in psychiatry, 15, 1383029. https:// doi.org/ 10. 3389/fpsyt.2024.1383029.
[7] Chang, Z., Jiang, D., Zhang, S., Cai, J., Zhang, Z., & Zhang, L. (2021). Correlation analysis between anxiety level and STAI scale in 138 patients before dental implant surgery. Shanghai Journal of Stomatology, 30(6), 663–666. https:// www. sjos. cn/ CN/10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.020.
[8] Chow, C. H. T., Rizwan, A., Xu, R., Poulin, L., Bhardwaj, V., Van Lieshout, R. J., Buckley, N., & Schmidt, L. A. (2019). Association of Temperament With Preoperative Anxiety in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA network open, 2(6), e195614. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5614.
[9] Du, Y., Cui, Y., Cai, X., Li, Y., & Yang, D. (2020). Analysis of influencing factors of preoperative anxiety or depression in lung cancer surgery patients. Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer, 23(7), 568–572. https://doi.org/ 10. 3779/ j.issn.1009-3419.2020.105.01.
[10] Eberhart, L., Aust, H., Schuster, M., Sturm, T., Gehling, M., Euteneuer, F., & Rüsch, D. (2020). Preoperative anxiety in adults - a cross-sectional study on specific fears and risk factors. BMC psychiatry, 20(1), 140. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02552-w.
[11] Feninets, V., Adamakidou, T., Mantzorou, M., Mastrogiannis, D., Govina, O., & Tsiou, C. (2022). The Effect of Preoperative Educational Intervention on Anxiety and Pain of Patients Undergoing Spinal Decompression Surgery: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study. Cureus, 14(8), e28368. https:// doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28368.
[12] Han, H., Chen, C., Sheng, R., & Wang, S. (2024). Psychological intervention based on cognitive behavioral therapy for patients with orthopedic surgical anxiety. Medicine, 103(35), e39401.
[13] Hartanti, R. W., & Handayani, L. (2021). Pre-operative education to reduce anxiety: Literature review. Epidemiology and Society Health Review, 3(2), 23.
[14] Jamwal, T., Kumar, R., Pulle, M. V., Kumar, A., & Jain, K. (2023). Does structured patient education reduce the peri-operative anxiety and depression levels in elective chest surgery patients? A double-blinded randomized trial of 300 patients. Journal of Patient Experience, 10, 1–10. https:// doi. org/ 10.1177/23743735231151535.
[15] Ji, W., Sang, C., Zhang, X., Zhu, K., & Bo, L. (2022). Personality, preoperative anxiety, and postoperative outcomes: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12162. https://doi.org/10. 3390/ ijerph191912162.
[16] Jarmoszewicz, K., Nowicka-Sauer, K., Zemła, A., & Beta, S. (2020). Factors associated with high preoperative anxiety: results from cluster analysis. World Journal of Surgery, 44, 2162-2169.
[17] Kavak Akelma, F., Altınsoy, S., Arslan, M. T., & Ergil, J. (2020). Effect of favorite music on postoperative anxiety and pain. Der Anaesthesist, 69(3), 198–204. https://doi.org/10. 1007/ s00101-020-00731-8.
[18] Khorfan, R., Shallcross, M. L., Yu, B., Sanchez, N., Parilla, S., Coughlin, J. M., Johnson, J. K., Bilimoria, K. Y., & Stulberg, J. J. (2020). Preoperative patient education and patient preparedness are associated with less postoperative use of opioids. Surgery, 167(5), 852–858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. surg.2020.01.002.
[19] Khalili, N., Karvandian, K., Ardebili, H. E., Eftekhar, N., & Nabavian, O. (2020). Predictors of preoperative anxiety among surgical patients in Iran: An observational study. Archives of Anesthesia and Critical Care, 6(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/ 10. 18502/ aacc. v6i1.2044.
[20] Kwame, A., & Petrucka, P. M. (2021). A literature-based study of patient-centered care and communication in nurse-patient interactions: Barriers, facilitators, and the way forward. BMC Nursing, 20, Article 158. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00684-2.
[21] Lanini, I., Amass, T., Calabrisotto, C. S., Fabbri, S., Falsini, S., Adembri, C. & Villa, G. (2022). The influence of psychological interventions on surgical outcomes: a systematic review. Journal of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Critical Care, 2(1), 31.
[22] Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
[23] Le, X. (2017). Current status and influencing factors of preoperative anxiety and information needs of surgical patients during the preoperative waiting period (Doctoral dissertation). Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
[24] Le, X., Zhao, T., Yu, Y., & Kuang, W. (2017). Anxiety state and influencing factors in surgical patients in the preoperative waiting room. Chinese Journal of Nursing Management, (7), 886–892.
[25] Liang, J., Meng, X., & Chen, Y. (2021). Severity of preoperative anxiety in perioperative patients and its influencing factors. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, (1), 113–116.
[26] Liang, J., Tian, X., & Yang, W. (2021). Effect of humanistic nursing on preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain relief and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Journal of Modern Nursing Practice and Research, 1. http: //doi.org/ 10. 53964/jmnpr.2021009 (Dear Professor,the is citation have not article, i will share you the screen.).
[27] Liu, M., Duan, D., Chen, Y., & Ma, D. (2022). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale in patients with local anaesthesia in preoperative anxiety. West China Medicine, (8), 1193–1196.
[28] Luo, X. (2019). Clinical observation of preoperative psychological anxiety symptoms in surgical patients with integrated nursing intervention. Chinese and Foreign Women’s Health Research, (2), 148–149.
[29] Mahnaz Modanloo, Solmaz Halakou, Homeyra Khoddam, Nasrin Nikpeyma, SeyedBabak MojaverAghili, (2023). Non-pharmacological interventions for anxiety management in patients undergoing anesthesia (a way to preoperative caring): A narrative review, Preventive Care in Nursing & Midwifery Journal, 13(4), 71-86. magiran.com/p2676918.
[30] Moerman, N., van Dam, F. S., Muller, M. J., & Oosting, H. (1996). The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Anesthesia & Analgesia, 82(3), 445–451. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199603000-00002.
[31] Nowicka-Sauer, K., Zemła, A., Banaszkiewicz, D., Trzeciak, B., & Jarmoszewicz, K. (2024). Measures of preoperative anxiety: Part two. Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy, 56(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.5114/ait.2024.136508.
[32] O'Donnell, K. F. (2018). Preoperative pain management education: An evidence-based practice project. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 33(6), 956–963. https://doi.org/10. 1016/ j. jopan.2017.11.001.
[33] Oei, T. P., Evans, L., & Crook, G. M. (1990). Utility and validity of the STAI with anxiety disorder patients. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29(4), 429–432. https://doi. org/ 10.1111/j.2044-8260. 1990.tb00906.x.
[34] Oh, J., Lee, W., Ki, S., Suh, J., Hwang, S., & Lee, J. (2024). Assessment of preoperative anxiety and influencing factors in patients undergoing elective surgery: An observational cross-sectional study. Medicina, 60(3), 403. https://doi.org/10. 3390/ medicina60030403.
[35] Oteri, V., Martinelli, A., Crivellaro, E., & Gigli, F. (2021). The impact of preoperative anxiety on patients undergoing brain surgery: A systematic review. Neurosurgical Review, 44(6), 3047–3057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-021-01498-1.
[36] Pittman, S., & Kridli, S. (2011). Music intervention and preoperative anxiety: an integrative review. International nursing review, 58(2), 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j. 1466-7657.2011. 00888. X.
[37] Qian, M., Wu, G., Zhu, R., & Zhang, S. (2000). Development of the revised Eysenck personality questionnaire short scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC). Acta Psychologica Sinica, 32(03), 317.
[38] Quan, L., & Zhang, L. (2021). The effects of positive psychological intervention on obstetric surgery patients' mental states, pain levels, and quality of life. American Journal of Translational Research, 13(4), 3819–3825.
[39] Rashid, A., & Riaz, M. N. (2021). Impact of preoperative surgical anxiety on postoperative surgical recovery among surgical patients: Role of surgical coping. JPMA: The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 71(10), 2313–2316. https: // doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.07-787.
[40] Ruiz Hernández, C., Gómez-Urquiza, J. L., Pradas-Hernández, L., Vargas Roman, K., Suleiman-Martos, N., Albendín-García, L., & Cañadas-De la Fuente, G. A. (2021). Effectiveness of nursing interventions for preoperative anxiety in adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(8), 3274–3285. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14827.
[41] Shewangzaw Engda, A., Belay Yigzaw, H., Alemnew Engdaw, N., Admasu Basha, E., Adem, A., Dargie Wubetu, A., Misganaw Kebede, W., Atinafu, B. T., Nigussie Tarekegn, F., & Abate Belew, M. (2022). Magnitude of Preoperative Anxiety and Associated Factors Among Adult Surgical Patients in Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. International journal of general medicine, 15, 5999–6007. https:// doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S369921.
[42] Thomas, C. L., & Cassady, J. C. (2021). Validation of the state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in a university sample. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10. 1177/2158 2440211031900.
[43] Tian, Y., Yang, D., Ding, C., & Cao, M. (2018). Validity and reliability of the short version of the State Anxiety Scale in college students. Chinese Journal of Mental Health, 32(10), 886–888. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2018.10. 015.
[44] Villa, G., Lanini, I., Amass, T., Bocciero, V., Scirè Calabrisotto, C., Chelazzi, C., … Lauro Grotto, R. (2020). Effects of psychological interventions on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing major elective abdominal surgery: a systematic review. Perioperative Medicine, 9(1). https://doi.org/10. 1186/ s13741-020-00169-x.
[45] Wang, C., Feng, Z., Yin, Z., Li, S., & Chen, X. (2021). Thoughts on the development of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine under the new situation. Chinese Journal of Engineering Science, 23(2), 169–174.
[46] Wang, J., Lu, C., & Liu, L. (2021). Effect of targeted nursing intervention on psychological anxiety in patients with recurrence of liver cancer after surgery. Naval Medical Journal, (4), 498–500.
[47] Wang, R., Huang, X., Wang, Y., & Akbari, M. (2022). Non-pharmacologic approaches in preoperative anxiety: A comprehensive review. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 854673. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.854673.
[48] Wu, H., Liu, Y., Ma, Z., & Gu, X. (2016). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale. Zhonghua Xingwei Yixue Yu Naokexue Zazhi, 25(2), 179–182. https://doi.org/10. 3760/ cma.j. issn.1674-6554.2016.02.018.
[49] Wu, H., Zhao, X., Chu, S., Xu, F., Song, J., Ma, Z., & Gu, X. (2020). Validation of the Chinese version of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(1), 66. https://doi.org/ 10. 1186/s12955-020-01294-3.
[50] Xue, G., Yi, H., Xue, P., & Sun, W. (2021). The effects of humanized psychological nursing model in general surgery nursing. Proceedings of Anticancer Research, 5(4), 98–102. http://doi.org/10.26689/par.v5i4.2356.
[51] Xu, Y., Wang, H., & Yang, M. (2020). Preoperative nursing visit reduces preoperative anxiety and postoperative complications in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized clinical trial protocol. Medicine, 99(38), e22314. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000022314.
[52] Yan, Y. (2020). Effect of preoperative information support combined with psychological intervention on perioperative phobia, anxiety and pain in surgical patients. Medical Theory & Practice, (4), 667–668. https://doi.org/10.19381/j.issn.1001-7585.2020.04.083.
[53] Yin. (2021). Effect of psychological nursing on preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing general surgery. Chinese Continuing Medical Education, (17), 193–195.
[54] Zemła, A. J., Nowicka-Sauer, K., Jarmoszewicz, K., Wera, K., Batkiewicz, S., & Pietrzykowska, M. (2019). Measures of preoperative anxiety. Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy, 51(1), 64–69. https://doi.org/10.5603/AIT.2019.0013.
[55] Zhang, X., Xue, H., & Gao, Y. (2008). Investigation on the changes of personality characteristics during the study of nursing undergraduates. Nursing Research, (8), 677–678.
[56] Zsido, A. N., Teleki, S. A., Csokasi, K., Rozsa, S., & Bandi, S. A. (2020). Development of the short version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113223.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
