Environment Impacts of Nearshore Marine Renewable Energy

Abstract

At this time, the number of nearshore Marine renewable energy projects is increasing, and the review of the ecological footprint they may bring in coastal and shallow water systems is also on the rise. Building these projects close to the demand area can reduce the loss during transmission. However, most of the time, these facilities occupy some relatively sensitive habitats. The ecological responses of these habitats have not been well understood up to now. This article investigates the relevant literature on the environmental impact of nearshore MRE, and compiles the evidence in aspects such as underwater noise, electromagnetic fields, collision risks, habitat changes, and hydrodynamic alterations. By comprehensively reviewing these studies, it can be found that the responses of organisms are related to the type of technology, species characteristics, and local environment. There has been no such widespread situation that would cause serious or irreversible damage. However, most of the relevant records cover a relatively short period of time, involve a small area, and adopt different methods. This results in a relatively weak knowledge reserve in this regard. This article, by comparing the results obtained from different devices and different locations, determines where consensus has been reached and where uncertainties still exist. In terms of cumulative impact and long-term impact. This article also emphasizes the value of expanding the monitoring scope and conducting a comprehensive assessment to provide some guidance for future nearshore MRE projects.