The Synergistic Mechanisms of Biochar: Plant Interaction in the Phytoremediation of Iron Tailings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/v92aj932Keywords:
Biochar, Alfalfa, Ryegrass, Iron Tailings, Plant Interaction, Ecological RestorationAbstract
Iron tailings, a major by-product of the steel industry, pose severe ecological risks due to their high metal content, loose structure, and nutrient deficiency. Biochar, a carbon-rich material with a highly porous structure and abundant surface functional groups, can create a stable rhizosphere microenvironment conducive to plant growth. Meanwhile, phytoremediation offers an eco-friendly and sustainable strategy for the restoration of mine-degraded lands. This study investigated the interactive effects of maize-straw-derived biochar (pyrolyzed at 500 °C) and two representative plants—alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)—on the phytoremediation of iron tailings. Different biochar application rates (1%, 3%, and 5% by mass) and planting patterns (monoculture and mixed culture) were tested under controlled pot conditions. The results revealed that an optimal biochar application rate of 3% significantly enhanced plant height, biomass, and root development. Mixed planting of alfalfa and ryegrass exhibited clear root complementarity and synergistic growth responses under biochar treatment. The biochar–plant interaction enhanced phytoremediation efficiency through multiple mechanisms, including structural optimization, nutrient sharing, and functional complementarity. This study provides new insights into the cooperative mechanisms between biochar and plants, offering theoretical and practical guidance for ecological restoration of mining areas.
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