Employment Opportunities for College Students under the New Economic Cycle: Formation Mechanism and Practical Paths

Abstract

The new economic cycle, with digital economy, green economy and artificial intelligence as the core growth engine, is characterised by accelerated technological change, industrial structure restructuring and strong policy intervention, which has not only given rise to emerging occupations such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) trainers and green technology engineers, but also resulted in the co-existence of supply and demand of "job vacancies and skill surplus" due to lagging of the education system. Mismatch. The study reveals that the formation of employment opportunities is mainly driven by three aspects: technological iteration reshapes the job structure, promoting the "human-machine collaboration" model and the growth of demand for high-skilled jobs; industrial policies (such as "speciality, speciality and newness" and "rural revitalisation") guide the demand for talents. Industrial policies (e.g. "speciality, special innovation", "rural revitalisation") have guided the demand for talents to shift to high-end manufacturing and agricultural digitalisation; and the lack of education-industry synergy has become a key bottleneck restricting the quality of employment. The study provides a theoretical basis and practical inspiration for the career development of college students, the optimisation of talent cultivation mode in colleges and universities, as well as the formulation of governmental employment policies. In the future, people need to pay attention to the direction of technological ethics and micro-certification system, so as to achieve an accurate match between supply and demand of skills.