The Adjustment Effect of Pension Finance on Elderly Poverty: A Fair Perspective Based on Welfare Economics

Abstract

At present, the global aging population is accelerating, and the problem of elderly poverty is becoming increasingly prominent. Due to factors such as labor outflow and unequal distribution of medical resources, the incidence of poverty in rural areas is significantly higher than that in urban areas. Therefore, this study is based on the perspective of welfare economics, aiming to systematically explore the mechanisms and effects of pension finance on elderly poverty. Research shows that pensions can directly alleviate elderly poverty and improve income distribution through income transfer payments and indirect behavioral incentives. In 2025, China's pension policy will tilt towards the middle and low-income groups, allowing them to receive higher income pensions. However, there are still fairness issues in terms of regional distribution, urban-rural coverage, and policy coordination, especially in terms of regional discrimination in rural social pension insurance. Improving the national unified mechanism for pension finance, optimizing rural resource allocation, and strengthening policy coordination are key paths to enhancing the poverty reduction effect of pension finance.