The Effectiveness of Art Therapy on Social Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abstract

People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are characterized by having problems with communication, behaviors, and social interactions. Art therapy (AT) is recognized as an effective way to deal with the difficulties of ASD since it is accessible and applicable. The application of AT at an early age can raise the possibility that one with ASD can improve the symptoms. Past studies suggested that two main deficits of ASD are psychosocial problems and social-reward processing problems. The mechanisms that make AT effective are still unclear. Communication, sense of self, eye contact, tolerance of unexpected consequences, establishing of social relationships, and decrease in anxiety level can support the development of social skills. Incorporating behavioral techniques into AT can exert a greater influence on the enhancement of problem behaviors. The means, goals, outcomes, and factors that work for AT are discussed and become essential elements of AT. The application of art materials, the artwork of children, and the attachment of art therapists can contribute to the progress of forming relationships, facilitating interactions, and alleviating self-stimulatory behaviors as well as anxiety levels. Follow-up observations and transformations of AT are recommended to be completed in future research. This review can provide some suggestions for the development of intervention programs at schools.