Analysis of Interdisciplinary Research Progress of the Basal Ganglia in Parkinson’s Disease Based on Cognitive Mechanism of Neuronal Firing Patterns and Movement Disorders

Ethan Wan

doi:10.54097/sawtzt37

Authors

Ethan Wan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54097/sawtzt37

Keywords:

Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Basal Ganglia, Neuronal Firing Patterns, β Oscillations, Cognitive Impairment

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the pathological core of degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. In recent years, numerous studies have revealed that the "firing rate hypothesis" alone cannot explain the diverse symptoms exhibited by PD. Instead, abnormalities in the pattern of neuronal firing and circuit oscillations are considered more critical pathogenic factors. The basal ganglia serve as an integrated center for both motor control and cognitive processing. The basal ganglia, including its burst firing at the cellular level, enhanced β oscillations at the population level, altered connectivity between frequency bands, and excessive synchronization in the cortex-basal ganglia network, can lead to multifaceted functional impairments. Interdisciplinary approaches have provided novel perspectives for elucidating PD mechanisms and developing individualized treatments, including the combination of electrophysiology and neuroimaging, computational modeling, closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS), and long-term monitoring using multi-modal techniques. In this paper, the author analyzes the connections between basal ganglia firing patterns, motor disorders, and cognitive mechanisms in PD. Furthermore, future translational directions are also discussed, thereby offering theoretical foundations and practical insights for the precise diagnosis and treatment of PD.

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