The Gut Microbiome in Alzheimer’s Disease: Research Progress and Perspectives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/6rvrc194Keywords:
Alzheimer’s Disease, Gut-brain Axis, Gut Microbiota, Neurodegenerative Disease, NeuroinflammationAbstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive impairment, with typical pathological processes involving β-amyloid deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction. In recent years, the gut microbiota, residing in the intestine, has attracted increasing attention for its influence on AD pathology through the gut-brain axis (GBA). Studies have demonstrated decreased gut microbial diversity in AD patients. Gut dysbiosis may contribute to AD pathogenesis by disrupting the blood-brain barrier, activating microglia, exacerbating neuroinflammation, and promoting Aβ deposition. Moreover, microbial metabolites and microglial activation have been identified as critical mediators in AD pathology. Although microbiota-targeted strategies such as probiotics and dietary interventions have shown partial therapeutic potential, their clinical efficacy remains limited by individual heterogeneity, mechanistic complexity, and insufficient standardization. Future research should integrate multi-omics technologies and longitudinal cohorts to elucidate the causal mechanisms of the gut-brain axis in AD progression, thereby facilitating the development of microbiome-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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