Membrane Cleaning Technologies for Water Treatment: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/0em97z61Keywords:
Water Treatment, Membrane Separation, Membrane Fouling, Physical Cleaning, Chemical CleaningAbstract
Membrane fouling persists as a critical bottleneck limiting the sustainability of membrane-based water treatment processes. Consequently, the deployment of robust cleaning strategies is paramount for restoring permeate flux and prolonging membrane longevity. This review critically evaluates the mechanisms and efficacy of established physical and chemical cleaning protocols. A comprehensive synthesis is provided, covering conventional techniques—such as hydraulic backwashing and Chemically Enhanced Backwash (CEB)—alongside emerging innovations including ultrasonic cleaning, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs), and hybrid physical-chemical systems (e.g., micro-nano bubble and electrochemically-assisted methods). Comparative analysis reveals that while physical cleaning offers operational simplicity with minimal risk to membrane integrity, its utility is predominantly restricted to reversible fouling mitigation. Conversely, chemical cleaning exhibits superior proficiency in removing irreversible foulants, frequently achieving Flux Recovery Rates (FRR) exceeding 90%, although it introduces concerns regarding membrane degradation. Notably, AOP-based and integrated approaches demonstrate exceptional remediation efficiency, highlighting a promising trajectory for future fouling management strategies.
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