Systematic Analysis on Power Battery Technology for New Energy Vehicles

Abstract

With the global drive toward carbon neutrality and the rapid expansion of the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry, power batteries—as the core energy storage component of NEVs—directly dictate critical performance metrics such as driving range, safety, and cost, making them a pivotal focus of technological innovation. Currently, lithium-ion batteries are taking the market lead and ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries stand out as two technical routes. However, in spite of the benefits they possess, including enhanced safety and higher energy density, there is still too much headway for solid-state batteries, such as low density and high raw material price. Future developments will prioritize enhanced fast-charging capacity, improved design of batteries, establishment of a sustainable closed-loop recycled-battery supply chain, and the acceleration of solid-state batteries going into practical use. In this paper, synthesize the current situation and major challenges of mainstream power battery technologies and predict some future research trends in order to serve as an aid for further related study and research and industrial application.