Analysis of Quality Traceability Architecture of Prefabricated Building based on Digital Twin and Blockchain Collaboration

Abstract

Abstract. The quality traceability of prefabricated buildings faces two major challenges: low data credibility due to centralized storage vulnerabilities, and poor process visibility caused by fragmented information across design, production, transportation, and assembly stages. To address these issues, this thesis proposes a novel four-layer architecture that integrates digital twin and blockchain technologies. The four layers—physical perception, data transmission, digital twin mapping, and blockchain consensus—work synergistically to enable tamper-proof data recording and real-time visualization throughout the component life cycle. Digital twin provides dynamic mirroring of physical processes, while blockchain ensures decentralized trust and data immutability. The feasibility of the proposed architecture is verified through the Hong Kong MiC (Modular Integrated Construction) Sanbao project and two additional case studies, where key quality indicators such as material origins, production parameters, and installation records were successfully traced. Real-world challenges, including data synchronization latency, on-site sensor reliability, and smart contract execution costs, are analyzed in depth. The research demonstrates that the collaboration of digital twin and blockchain effectively bridges the trust gap between physical and digital worlds, enhances stakeholder accountability, and reduces information asymmetry. These findings offer a practical reference for implementing transparent and reliable quality traceability systems in prefabricated construction, with potential extensions to other off-site manufacturing scenarios.