A Multi-Case Comparative Study on Human-Robot Collaboration in Production Operation and Assembly

Abstract

This study focuses on the application mechanism of human-robot collaboration (HRC) in the assembly process of production operations. Taking Zeekr 5G Smart Factory, cosmetic packaging production line, and European item small-batch assembly as cases, based on the ISO/TS 15064 four-level collaboration framework and the "static capability table-dynamic event trigger" model, it adopts multi-case comparison and performance normalization methods to construct an HRC evaluation system for assembly links from three dimensions: task allocation, safety mechanism, and performance improvement. The results show that three modes, namely heavy-load synchronous collaboration, light-load serial collaboration, and light-load hybrid fusion, all significantly improve efficiency and flexibility. Among them, task separation degree and collaboration level have a significant positive impact on efficiency, quality, and flexibility, and different scenarios show significant differences between safety costs and performance benefits. The study verifies the effectiveness of the task-risk-level chain framework, providing theoretical and practical references for manufacturing enterprises to select appropriate collaboration levels, optimize safety investment, and promote the transformation of intelligent manufacturing according to load, beat, and batch characteristics.