Targeted Dietary Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Crohn‘s Disease: From Mechanisms to Engineered Solutions

Abstract

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of complex etiology, and current treatment methods have limitations. Diet, a basic environmental factor affecting gut microbiota, faces intervention and translation challenges. From a food science and engineering perspective, a systematic literature review is used in this study to evaluate targeted dietary intervention evidence in Crohn's disease management, assess clinical translation challenges, and explore engineering-based solutions. The findings indicate that existing intervention strategies are challenging to implement in practical settings. People react in different ways, traditional oral formulations have delivery problems, and lack of enough strong clinical data. The research indicates that overcoming these challenges requires the creation of an innovative framework that integrates "precision nutrition" and "smart delivery." Future research should focus on utilizing individualized data to inform protocol design, particularly in the development of delivery methods like micro-nano encapsulation that rely on multi-trigger mechanisms. This method aims to create a consistent, efficient, and precise way to deliver active ingredients to lesions in the colon. This will help dietary therapies become more predictable and controllable therapeutic tools.