Antibiotic-Substituting Effect and Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Polysaccharides in Livestock and Poultry Breeding
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/3zz46008Keywords:
Chinese Herbal Polysaccharides, Antibiotic Alternatives, Livestock Breeding, Immunomodulation, Gut Microbiota, Antioxidant ActivityAbstract
Inappropriate antibiotic use in livestock and poultry breeding has caused grave issues such as drug resistance, environmental pollution and food safety concerns. As a natural bioactive polymer substance, Chinese herbal polysaccharides have been used in the traditional Chinese medicinal plants and have been found to be potential antibiotic alternatives. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the Chinese herbal polysaccharides and their effects and mechanisms of action on substituting antibiotics in animal husbandry. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) and Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS) are the major polysaccharides discussed. The mechanisms are discussed in four aspects: immunomodulation via TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway; regulation of the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and decrease the pathogens; antioxidant activity through Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway; anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Experimental evidence shows that optimal supplementation of these polysaccharides significantly improves the growth performance parameters like average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), immune organ indices, serum immunoglobulin levels and intestinal morphology. These results suggest that Chinese herbal polysaccharides are potential, safe, and renewable alternatives for the current animal production with antibiotics.
Downloads
References
[1] Gong, J., Yin, F., Hou, Y., & Yin, Y. (2014). Review: Chinese herbs as alternatives to antibiotics in feed for swine and poultry production: Potential and challenges in application. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 94(2), 223–241. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas2013-144.
[2] Cheng, G., Hao, H., Xie, S., Wang, X., Dai, M., Huang, L., & Yuan, Z. (2014). Antibiotic alternatives: The substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry? Frontiers in Microbiology, 5, 217. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00217.
[3] Zhao, R. H., Yang, F. X., Bai, Y. C., Zhao, J. Y., Hu, M., Zhang, X. Y., Dou, T. F., & Jia, J. J. (2023). Research progress on the mechanisms underlying poultry immune regulation by plant polysaccharides. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, 1175848. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/ fvets. 2023. 1175848.
[4] Yin, F. G., Liu, Y. L., Yin, Y. L., Kong, X. F., Huang, R. L., Li, T. J., Wu, G. Y., & Hou, Y. Q. (2009). Dietary supplementation with Astragalus polysaccharide enhances ileal digestibilities and serum concentrations of amino acids in early weaned piglets. Amino Acids, 37(2), 263–270. https:// doi. org/ 10.1007/s00726-008-0142-6.
[5] Kallon, S., Li, X., Ji, J., Chen, C., Xi, Q., Chang, S., Xue, C., Ma, J., Xie, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2013). Astragalus polysaccharide enhances immunity and inhibits H9N2 avian influenza virus in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 4(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-1891-4-22.
[6] Long, L. N., Kang, B. J., Jiang, Q., & Chen, J. S. (2020). Effects of dietary Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant status, and immunity of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 99(2), 744–751. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.psj. 2019. 10.043.
[7] Li, X. L., He, L. P., Yang, Y., Liu, F. J., Cao, Y., & Zuo, J. J. (2015). Effects of extracellular polysaccharides of Ganoderma lucidum supplementation on the growth performance, blood profile, and meat quality in finisher pigs. Livestock Science, 178, 187–194. https:// doi.org/ 10. 1016/ j.livsci.2015.04.001.
[8] Yang, S. B., Qin, Y. J., Ma, X., Luan, W. M., Sun, P., Ju, A. Q., Duan, A. Y., Zhang, Y. N., & Zhao, D. H. (2021). Effects of in ovo injection of Astragalus polysaccharide on the intestinal development and mucosal immunity in broiler chickens. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 738816. https:// doi. org/ 10. 3389/fvets.2021.738816.
[9] Liu, Y. L., Yin, R. Q., Liang, S. S., Duan, Y. L., Yao, J. H., Duan, Y. L., & Yang, X. J. (2017). Effect of dietary Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on growth performance and immune function of broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 26(2), 200–208. https://doi.org/ 10.3382/ japr/ pfw063.
[10] Zhang, C., Zhao, X. H., Yang, L., Chen, X. Y., Jiang, R. S., Jin, S. H., & Geng, Z. Y. (2017). Resveratrol alleviates heat stress-induced impairment of intestinal morphology, microflora, and barrier integrity in broilers. Poultry Science, 96(12), 4325–4332. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex266.
[11] Kong, X. F., Wu, G. Y., Liao, Y. P., Hou, Z. P., Liu, H. J., Yin, F. G., Li, T. J., Huang, R. L., Zhang, Y. M., Deng, D., Kang, P., Wang, R. X., Tang, Z. Y., Yang, C. B., Deng, Z. Y., Xiong, H., Chu, W. Y., Ruan, Z., Xie, M. Y., & Yin, Y. L. (2007). Effects of Chinese herbal ultra-fine powder as a dietary additive on growth performance, serum metabolites and intestinal health in early-weaned piglets. Livestock Science, 108(1–3), 272–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.079.
[12] Chen, X. Y., Li, R., & Geng, Z. Y. (2015). Cold stress initiates the Nrf2/UGT1A1/L-FABP signaling pathway in chickens. Poultry Science, 94(11), 2597–2603. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev253.
[13] Alagawany, M., Farag, M. R., Al-Harthi, M. A., Asiry, K. A., Bovera, F., & Attia, Y. A. (2023). The use of Astragalus membranaceus as an eco-friendly alternative for antibiotics in diets of Japanese quail breeders. Poultry Science, 102(10), 102909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.102909.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
