Biological Capture and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/3jyeb028Keywords:
Carbon Dioxide, Biological Capture, Microbial Carbon Fixation, Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage, Synthetic BiologyAbstract
Environmental problems associated with carbon dioxide (CO2) make it increasingly urgent to reduce both atmospheric CO2 concentrations and anthropogenic emissions. Efficient microbial capture provides a potentially effective route for CO2 mitigation and utilization, mainly through autotrophic and heterotrophic pathways. This paper reviews the fundamental mechanisms and representative technologies of these two pathways, including algal photobioreactors, engineered heterotrophic microorganisms, and microbial electrosynthesis. The principal technical barriers to industrial application are analyzed, including the low catalytic activity of key carbon-fixation enzymes, the complexity and limited efficiency of natural pathways, and inadequate energy utilization. Potential development directions are also discussed, such as screening or designing high-activity carboxylases, constructing shorter synthetic carbon-fixation pathways, introducing carbon-concentrating mechanisms, and integrating electricity or hydrogen as alternative energy carriers.
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