Ecotourism at High Altitudes: A Comparative Study of Yuzhu Peak and Muztagh Ata in Community Governance, Economic Growth, and Environmental Sustainability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/56z22r39Keywords:
Alpine ecotourism, Community governance, Sustainable tourism, Environmental policy, Comparative case study.Abstract
This study focuses on three dimensions of ecology, economics, and community to compare two representative alpine tourism destinations in China, discussing the effects of ecotourism in promoting green transformation and environmental community co-governance at high altitudes. The study adopts the case study approach to assess tourist volume, income, environmental governance, and community participation using secondary data. Findings suggest that Muztagh Ata has relied on institutional policies and market mechanisms to implement a community-driven tourism framework. Though still in an early stage, Yuzhu Peak demonstrates growth potential and value in exploring community-level governance. This research shows that ecotourism may offer a pathway to achieve both ecological conservation and economic empowerment. However, its sustainability relies on a combination of strong institutional designs, community mobilization, and policy alignment. This paper serves as both theoretical reference and empirical evidence to institutional innovation and cross-regional collaboration in alpine ecotourism.
Downloads
References
[1] Nepal S K. Mountain ecotourism and sustainable development: ecology, economics, and ethics. Mountain Research and Development, 2002, 22 (2): 104-109.
[2] Liu M, Li Y, Pérez Sánchez M d l Á, et al. Empirical study on the sustainable development of mountain tourism in the early stage of high-speed railways: taking the southwest mountainous region of China as an example. Sustainability, 2022, 14 (3): 1058.
[3] World Tourism Organization. Sustainable tourism can offer mountain communities a path to prosperity and inclusion. UNWTO, 2021.
[4] FAO. Mountain tourism – towards a more sustainable path. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2021.
[5] Cui X. Comprehensive evaluation model of ecotourism, economic development and ecological environment: taking Shennongjia National Park as an example. Frontiers in Public Health, 2025.
[6] Zhang Z, Chen X, Zhang Z, et al. Measuring landscape multifunctionality and trade–off coordination in the Pudacuo area of Shangri-la national park. National Parks, 2024, 2 (4): 226–234.
[7] Ross S, Wall G. Evaluating ecotourism: the case of mountain destinations. Tourism Management, 1999, 20 (2): 97–103.
[8] Chowdhury S, Dwyer L. Bibliometric analysis of mountain tourism research: sustainability and climate change as emerging themes. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2022, 30 (5): 789–810.
[9] Rana G, Agrawal S. Formulation of hierarchical relationship and flexible strategy for development of Himalayan tourism industry. Proceedings of GLOGIFT 16, 2017: 76–89.
[10] Sharma S, Manandhar P, Khadka S. Everest tourism: forging links to sustainable mountain development – a critical discourse on politics of places and peoples. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 2014, 5 (2): 31–51.
[11] Thomas B. Ecotourism: a sustainable development connect to nature and a strategy for balancing economic growth, socio-cultural development and conservation. Asia Pacific Journal of Advanced Education and Technology, 2022, 1 (1): 64–72.
[12] Rawlins M, Kornexl W, Baral S, et al. Enabling ecotourism development in Cambodia. World Bank, 2020.
[13] Bhaskar P, Tripathi R. Green GDP integrating economic growth with ecological sustainability. Biophilia Insights, 2023, 1 (1): e202311003.
[14] Ghanshyam P, Arbin P, Shreejana S, et al. Interconnectedness between green economy, eco tourism, landscape protection and local economic development: a case study of the Rapti Peace Park, Nepal. Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal, 2024, 28 (2): 556404.
[15] Serio R G, Giuliani D, Dickson M M. Going green across boundaries: spatial effects of environmental policies on tourism flows. arXiv preprint, 2025.
[16] Ostrom E. Governing the commons: the evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
[17] Borglund H. Governing the commons – a case‐study of Rio Limpio National Park, Dominican Republic. Södertörn University, 2011.
[18] Sage J. Governing the tourism commons: can self-governing institutions empower local communities? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2023.
[19] Dangi M B, Mey E, Robbins C, et al. Linking Central Valley of California with mountain valleys of Nepal: environmental implications of waste management practices in different social and cultural settings. Proceedings of 2019 International Conference on Resource Sustainability - Cities (icRS Cities), 2019.
[20] Brouder P. Creative outposts: tourism’s place in rural innovation. Tourism Planning & Development, 2012, 9 (4): 383–396.
[21] Holzer N, Vijay S, Yao T, et al. Four decades of glacier variations at Muztagh Ata (eastern Pamir): a multi-sensor study including Hexagon KH-9 and Pléiades data. The Cryosphere, 2015, 9 (6): 2071–2088.
[22] Li Y, Liu Y, Zhao C. Environmental impacts of mountaineering tourism on the Kunlun Mountains: a case study of Yuzhu Peak. Journal of Mountain Science, 2016, 13 (7): 1252–1263.
[23] Qinghai Province People’s Government. Happy days begin at the foot of Yuzhu Peak — preliminary work for the Yuzhu Peak international mountaineering town construction completed. Qinghai Province People’s Government, 2023.
[24] Sina News. Qinghai Qumalai county: building the Yuzhu Peak international mountaineering town. Sina News, 2023.
[25] Tianshannet. Muztagh Ata glacier park attracts many visitors. Tianshannet, 2024.
[26] People’s Daily Online. Thriving mountaineering unlocks economic potential of China’s “roof of the world.” People’s Daily Online, 2024.
[27] Beard D B, Clason C C. Anthropogenic contaminants in glacial environments I: inputs and accumulation. Progress in Physical Geography, 2022, 46 (4): 630–648.
[28] Iqbal A, Ramachandran S, Siow M L, et al. Insights into the role of community participation as a tool for local support: a normative model for competitive and sustainable destination development. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2023, 13 (1): 807–816.
[29] Plateau Perspectives. Destination Yushu: community ecotourism in Yushu. 2013.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

