Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Generalization and Clinical Treatments

Abstract

Women of child-bearing age are concerned about multiple risks within the gestational period of which the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is commonly concerned; therefore, generalization of GDM urges to be brought into public view. However, diagnosis criteria and treatment of GDM still lack of standardization and public awareness. GDM first appears after pregnancy due to abnormalities in maternal glucose metabolism which are common complications of pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM is rising worldwide as diagnostic criteria change, and GDM, although it does not have obvious symptoms, can have serious instant and long-lasting complications on both the mother and fetus. Therefore, a detailed guideline is necessary. In order to clarify and synthesize a comprehensive picture of the pathology of GDM and the corresponding treatment options, this article summarizes the background, causes, diagnosis criteria, consequences, and different treatments of GDM. As a result, selective screening associated with oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) is the most preferred diagnosis criteria. A collaborative treatment is the most effective approach that causes the least complications.