Application And Research Progress of T Cells in Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) has emerged as a revolutionary approach in cancer treatment, offering hope to patients with previously untreatable malignancies. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of CART therapy, covering its structure, working mechanism, clinical applications, and strategies to mitigate adverse effects. Firstly, we delve into the structural intricacies of CAR-T cells, exploring how they are genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors that enable them to target specific tumor-associated antigens. The paper elucidates the mechanisms by which CAR-T cells recognize and eliminate cancer cells, including the activation of immune responses and the production of cytokines. Next, we present an in-depth analysis of CAR-T cell therapy in clinical practice, highlighting its remarkable successes in treating various hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The review discusses the challenges associated with manufacturing, patient selection, and long-term persistence of CAR-T cells in vivo. Finally, we address the adverse effects associated with CAR-T therapy, such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity, and propose strategies to mitigate these side effects. These include the use of pharmacological interventions, patient monitoring, and the development of novel CAR-T cell constructs with improved safety profiles. In summary, this review paper provides a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on CAR-T cell therapy, emphasizing its potential to transform the landscape of cancer treatment while addressing the challenges and risks that accompany this groundbreaking approach.