Improvement and Development Prospects of Carbon Anode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries

Abstract

With the research progress in the field of electrochemistry and the introduction of new materials, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) have begun to achieve breakthrough progress. In contrast with traditional lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries, LIB do not have memory effect, they will not be affected because of incomplete charge or long idle time and they are more convenient to use. The self-discharge rate of LIB is low, and it is easy to maintain a higher charge state when the storage time is longer than that of lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries. LIB do not contain heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, and the manufacturing and recycling process of LIB has less impact on the environment than lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries. Although the battery field has changed a lot and many problems have been solved, LIB still face some challenges, in the lithium-ion battery materials, there are still battery capacity attenuation during the battery cycle charge and discharge process, cycle life is insufficient, and charge and discharge speed is limited. In this context, several commonly used carbon anode materials for lithium-ion batteries are briefly introduced in this paper, mainly introducing the improvement methods of silicon carbon anode materials and metal oxide and carbon matrix composites. Compared with the traditional manufacturing method, the electrode material prepared by the new technology has better electrode performance and stability. In terms of silicon carbon anode materials, electrostatic electrospinning and carbon silicon nanotubes are the most promising large-scale development, and in terms of metal/metal oxide composites, the use of sodium chloride particle surface as a template to manufacture Fe₃O₄/C composites has great advantages. By improving the electrochemical performance of LIB by improving the carbon anode material, batteries with better performance, wider use and higher safety.