Analysis of Dark Matter Searching Based on Liquid Xenon: XENON, LUX-ZEPLIN and DARWIN

Abstract

This paper delves into the ongoing quest to uncover the mysteries of dark matter, an endeavor that has captivated the scientific community for nearly a century. Focusing on the utilization of liquid xenon scintillators, specifically in the XENONnT and LZ experiments, it explores the remarkable properties of liquid xenon that make it a prime candidate for detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), a leading dark matter candidate. These experiments have achieved significant milestones, placing stringent constraints on the WIMP-nucleon interaction cross section, yet face the challenge of the “neutrino fog” at lower energies, necessitating innovative solutions like advanced statistical methods and machine learning. The paper also highlights the promising future of dark matter detection through projects like DARWIN and the XLZD Consortium, which aim to construct next-generation liquid xenon detectors with increased target masses. These endeavors hold the potential to significantly enhance sensitivity, potentially unraveling the nature of dark matter. Furthermore, the versatility of liquid xenon detectors extends to the study of neutrinos, encompassing neutrinoless double-beta decays and solar pp neutrinos. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of dark matter searching.