Computational Analysis of Aerodynamic Drafting Effects in Lemans Racing Cars

Abstract

Le Mans racing is a comprehensive motorsport event that tests not only the long-distance stability of race cars but also considers fuel economy and speed, where aerodynamics plays a crucial role. Many manufacturers place great emphasis on the aerodynamic design of race cars. However, in-depth research on the application of drafting effects in Le Mans racing and studies on team formations are somewhat lacking. Through Ansys simulations, this study deeply explores the impact of drafting on race cars and, by varying the distances between cars, identifies differences in air resistance encountered by different formations. The findings reveal that drafting can substantially decrease the aerodynamic drag experienced by race cars when they are positioned at relatively close proximities to each other. As this distance increases, a "drag bubble" phenomenon occurs within a certain range, where the trailing cars begin to experience increased resistance. On the other hand, the study of car formations under race-regulated conditions has identified optimal vehicle spacing that minimizes the average aerodynamic drag faced by the team, providing strategic insights into the arrangement of team formations for improved race performance.