Numerical Study on the Relationship between Lift-to-drag Ratio and Airfoil of Gliders in High-speed Cruising Conditions

Abstract

This research attempts to examine the aerodynamic characteristics of gliders, specifically concentrating on the impact of airfoil configurations and wing designs on the lift-to-drag ratio when operating at high velocities. Amid rising concerns for environmental sustainability and the pursuit of greater aviation efficiency, traditional approaches, including the enhancement of lightweight materials and the adoption of biofuels, encounter limitations. Particularly in extending the range and improving the efficiency of gliders, the advancements in material weight reduction and biofuel efficacy are approaching their limits. This challenges the industry to seek innovative solutions beyond these conventional methods to achieve significant gains in aircraft performance and environmental impact reduction. To tackle such obstacles comprehensively, this study employs a combination of experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches to analyze these crucial aerodynamic variables. This study illustrates that optimizing aspect ratios and airfoil shapes, particularly through the utilization of high aspect ratio cambered airfoils like the NACA 4412, can substantially improve glider performance. By minimizing induced drag and enhancing lift, these design modifications significantly elevate the overall lift-to-drag ratio, offering a pathway to more efficient and environmentally friendly aviation technologies. These developments not only provide a focused remedy for the identified deficiencies but also indicate progress in integrating aircraft design with initiatives for environmental sustainability. This research highlights its potential impact on the broader endeavor to achieve sustainable aviation by offering practical strategies for the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly aircraft, thereby making a substantial contribution to aerospace engineering and environmental science.