The hallmarks and existing therapies of Parkinson’s Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/9ftt5c50Keywords:
Parkinson’s disease, Alpha-synuclein, Passive immunization.Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is the world’s second most popular neurodegenerative disease. Aggregation of alpha-synuclein is agreed to be the significant hallmark of it. Three hallmarks: alpha-synuclein aggregation, autophagy dysregulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction have interconnected relationships as they are within mutual restraints. Gene mutations such as PINK1 and PARK6 could lead to dysfunction of lysosome and proteasome, which promote the cell death of mitochondria and aggregated alpha-synuclein. Alpha-synuclein fibrils at the same time could attack autophagic substrate and trigger neuron cell death, and they end up secreting dopaminergic pigment cells and end with motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Existed therapies such as the medicine levodopa and vaccination of antibodies provided possible pathways to cure this disease. We focused on antibodies BIIB054, ABBV-0805, and PRX002 to discuss their clinical data and their effectiveness and safety. In this review, a comparison between passive immunization and other treatments is also made to show a comprehensive perspective on current therapies to provide researchers with pathways to develop other therapies.
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