A New Horizon in Renewable Energy: Materials and Advances in Plastic Solar Cells

Abstract

With the background of global energy demand escalating and environmental repercussions, the discovery of renewable energy alternatives is urgent. Over recent decades, plastic solar cells have showcased their remarkable characteristics compared to traditional materials, indicating great potential to the quest for efficient, sustainable energy. This paper is dedicated to consolidating the latest research findings, primarily focusing on cutting-edge materials and advancements within the field of plastic solar cells. It includes a comprehensive analysis of environmental impacts, production methodologies, and the emergence of novel materials such as P3HT, polyaniline, and perovskite. The ensuing discussions provide a detailed evaluation of critical materials, notably conductive polymers and small molecule organic semiconductors. These materials are characterized by their superior electrical conductivity, environmental and thermal resilience, and versatility of modification. Nevertheless, the complexity of assessing the environmental performance of photovoltaic systems and the necessity for enhancing efficiency and stability are shown by industrial and academic insights. Inkjet printing, spin-coating, and slot die coating are triple common production methods that align with different needs. However, the technique’s application is currently hampered by limitations in achieving high efficiency and stability, which restricts its upscaling adoption. Besides, the integration of OPV technology into wearable devices and building materials exemplifies the versatility of photovoltaics to meet diverse energy demands. In conclusion, further exploration of sustainable, eco-friendly materials and techniques is required to achieve better practical viability in the field of PSCs.