Advances in the study of DNA-metal complexes in biomedical applications

Abstract

DNA-metal composites are emerging as emerging materials for biomedical applications due to their unique DNA and metal nanoparticle properties. DNA is a multifunctional macromolecule that enables targeted drug delivery through aptamer selection and gene silencing through nuclease activity. These properties make it highly selective and targeted in therapy. While conventional chemotherapy faces significant drawbacks, including poor targeting and severe side effects, DNA-metal composites with their excellent targeting and therapeutic efficiencies can significantly enhance therapeutic efficacy. This paper first describes the structural properties, synthesis methods of DNA-metal composites and their therapeutic applications. The combination of DNA and metal nanoparticles provides a novel approach to improve the effectiveness of anticancer and antimicrobial therapies, addressing key limitations in current therapeutic strategies. Innovative applications of DNA-metal composites in the anticancer and antimicrobial fields are then explored, highlighting their multiple synthesis and application possibilities through interactions with metal ions or particles. DNA-metal composites address several of the limitations of conventional chemotherapeutic and antimicrobial drugs, providing better targeting and resolving the issue of drug resistance. DNA-metal composites in biomedicine show DNA-metal composites show great promise in the biomedical field, and future research will continue to promote their application and development in clinical therapy.