Ferroptosis: Basic Mechanisms, Key-Factors and The Role of The Diseases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/6q4t3868Keywords:
Ferroptosis, lipid peroxidation, mechanisms, diseases, cancer.Abstract
Research on the explosive growth of Ferroptosis in the past decade. Ferroptosis is the way of cell death that causes lipid peroxidation, and there are a variety of inducers for Ferroptosis that can lead to a decrease in cell antioxidant capacity and the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species(ROS) of through multiple regulatory pathways, which leads to cell membrane damage and eventually leads to cell oxidative death. It will lead to a series of related diseases and plays a crucial role as a tumour suppressor mechanism. In this review, the relevant regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis (especially the conventional ferroptosis pathway) are specifically summarised and the relevant diseases associated with ferroptosis are described. Fortunately, by initiating and reducing ferroptosis, there is significant potential to treat drug-resistant malignancies, ischemic organ damage, and other degenerative disorders linked to severe lipid peroxidation. Importantly, there are still a lot of obstacles to ferroptosis, and this review offers pertinent research suggestions to overcome these problems. Lastly, this article discusses the specific applicability of ferroptosis to disease; future ferroptosis research should center on these challenges.
Downloads
References
[1] Jiang, X., Stockwell, B. R., & Conrad, M. (2021). Ferroptosis: mechanisms, biology and role in disease. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology, 22(4), 266–282.
[2] Li, J., Cao, F., Yin, H. L., Huang, Z. J., Lin, Z. T., Mao, N., Sun, B., & Wang, G. (2020). Ferroptosis: past, present and future. Cell death & disease, 11(2), 88.
[3] Shah R et al. (2018) Resolving the Role of Lipoxygenases in the Initiation and Execution of Ferroptosis. ACS Cent Sci 4 (3), 387–396. [PubMed: 29632885]
[4] Wenzel SE et al. (2017) PEBP1 Wardens Ferroptosis by Enabling Lipoxygenase Generation of Lipid Death Signals. Cell in press.
[5] Chen, X., Kang, R., Kroemer, G., & Tang, D. (2021). Broadening horizons: the role of ferroptosis in cancer. Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 18(5), 280–296.
[6] Tan S, Schubert D & Maher P Oxytosis: A novel form of programmed cell death. Current topics in medicinal chemistry 1, 497–506 (2001).
[7] Eagle H Nutrition needs of mammalian cells in tissue culture. Science 122, 501–514 (1955).
[8] Eagle H, Piez KA & Oyama VI The biosynthesis of cystine in human cell cultures. J Biol Chem 236, 1425–1428 (1961).
[9] Coltorti M, De Ritis F & Giusti G [Enzymatic mechanisms of transsulfuration in biology and clinical practice]. G Clin Med 37, 285–323 (1956).
[10] Bannai S & Kitamura E Transport interaction of L-cystine and L-glutamate in human diploid fibroblasts in culture. J Biol Chem 255, 2372–2376 (1980).
[11] Sato H, Tamba M, Ishii T & Bannai S Cloning and expression of a plasma membrane cystine/glutamate exchange transporter composed of two distinct proteins. J Biol Chem 274, 11455–11458 (1999).
[12] Meister A Glutathione metabolism. Methods Enzymol 251, 3–7, doi:10.1016/0076-6879(95)51106-7 (1995).
[13] Shi ZZ et al. Glutathione synthesis is essential for mouse development but not for cell growth in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, 5101–5106 (2000).
[14] Yant LJ et al. The selenoprotein GPX4 is essential for mouse development and protects from radiation and oxidative damage insults. Free Radic Biol Med 34, 496–502. (2003).
[15] Banjac A et al. The cystine/cysteine cycle: a redox cycle regulating susceptibility versus resistanceto cell death. Oncogene 27, 1618–1628 (2008).
[16] Mandal PK et al. System x(c)− and thioredoxin reductase 1 cooperatively rescue glutathione deficiency. J Biol Chem 285, 22244–22253, doi:M110.121327 [pii] 10.1074/jbc.M110.121327(2010).
[17] Seiler A et al. Glutathione Peroxidase 4 Senses and Translates Oxidative Stress into 12/15-Lipoxygenase Dependent- and AIF-Mediated Cell Death. Cell Metab 8, 237–248 (2008).
[18] Yaoqi Li, Min Yang & Xiaotian Li. (2018). Biochemical process of iron death and its effect on tumours. Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (08), 838-843. doi: 10.13865/j.cnki.cjbmb.2018.08.06.
[19] DIXON S J, LEMBERG K M, LAMPRECHT M R, et al. Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death[J]. Cell, 2012, 149(5): 1060-1072. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.042
[20] MAIORINO M, CONRAD M, URSINI F. GPx4, lipid pero-xidation, and cell death: discoveries, rediscoveries, and open issues[J]. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 2018, 29(1): 61-74.
[21] YANG W S, SRIRAMARATNAM R, WELSCH M E, et al. Regulation of ferroptotic cancer cell death by GPX4[J]. Cell, 2014, 156(1/2): 317-331.
[22] YANG W S, STOCKWELL B R. Synthetic lethal screening identifies compounds activating iron-dependent, nonapoptotic cell death in oncogenic-RAS-harboring cancer cells[J]. Che- mistry & Biology, 2008, 15(3): 234-245.
[23] RICHARD D, KEFI K, BARBE U, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids as antioxidants[J]. Pharmacological Research, 2008, 57(6): 451-455. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2008.05.002
[24] YANG W S, KATHERINE J K, GASCHLER M M, et al. Peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by lipoxygenases drives ferroptosis[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016, 113(34): E4966-E4975. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1603244113
[25] SCOTT J D, WINTER G E, MUSAVI L S, et al. Human haploid cell genetics reveals roles for lipid metabolism genes in nonapoptotic cell death[J]. ACS Chemical Biology, 2015, 10(7): 1604-1609. DOI:10.1021/acschembio.5b00245
[26] KAGAN V E, MAO G W, QU F, et al. Oxidized arachidonic and adrenic PEs navigate cells to ferroptosis[J]. Nature Che- mical Biology, 2017, 13(1): 81-90. DOI:10.1038/nchembio.2238
[27] DOLL S, PRONETH B, TYURINA Y Y, et al. ACSL4 dictates ferroptosis sensitivity by shaping cellular lipid composition[J]. Nature Chemical Biology, 2017, 13(1): 91-98. DOI:10.1038/nchembio.2239
[28] TORTI S V, TORTI F M. Iron and cancer: more ore to be mined[J]. Nature Reviews Cancer, 2013, 13(5): 342-355. DOI:10.1038/nrc3495
[29] XIEY, SONGX, SUNX, et al. Identification of baicaleinase ferroptosis inhibitor by natural product library screening [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Comun, 2016, 473 (4): 775-780.
[30] Zhao L, Zhou X, Xie F, et al. Ferroptosis in cancer and cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Commun (Lond), 2022, 42(2): 88-116.
[31] Chen X, Kang R, Kroemer G, et al. Broadening horizons: the role of ferroptosis in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2021, 18(5): 280-296.
[32] Zhang C, Liu X, Jin S, et al. Ferroptosis in cancer therapy: a novel approach to reversing drug resistance. Mol Cancer, 2022, 21(1): 47.
[33] Sun S. D., Qin Y., Liu L., et al. Sodium butyrate inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by inducing iron death. Journal of Nutrition, 2023, 45(2): 157-162.
[34] TAO Lei, WANG Di, SHU Shuhua. Inhibition of proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by propofol and the mechanism of its iron death pathway. Journal of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, 2022, 14(12):2036-2039, 2043.
[35] Hong T, Wang YL, Zeng HR, et al. Mechanism of cucurbitacin B-induced cellular iron death to inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 cells. Chinese Journal of Pharmacology, 2023, 39(4): 638-645.
[36] VANBD,GOUELF,JONNEAUXA,etal.Feroptosis,anew lycharacterizedform ofceldeathinParkinson′sdiseasethatis regulatedbyPKC[J].NeurobiolDis,2016,94:169178.
[37] Raven, E. P., Lu, P. H., Tishler, T. A., Heydari, P. & Bartzokis, G. Increased iron levels and decreased tissue integrity in hippocampus of Alzheimer’s disease detected in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging. J. Alzheimers Dis. 37,127–136 (2013).
[38] Lane, D. J. R., Ayton, S. & Bush, A. I. Iron and Alzheimer’s disease: an update on emerging mechanisms. J. Alzheimers Dis. 64, S379–S395 (2018).
[39] Liu, L., Du, T., Zhang, P. & Zou, W. (2023). Progress of mitochondrial involvement in iron death. Modern Medicine and Health (20), 3541-3546.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
