Modalities of Neuromodulation for Neurological Diseases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v36i.5657Keywords:
neuromodulation; electrical stimulation; thermal stimulation; pharmacological stimulation.Abstract
Neurological diseases have attracted much attention as they have become the second leading cause of death worldwide. Several works on neuromodulation were reported to improve patients' quality of life or the body's functionality. After the early discovery of the gating theory, electrical stimulation was used to relieve chronic pain. In recent years, several other neuromodulation techniques, including thermal, and pharmacological stimulation, were proposed to improve the effectiveness. In this paper, some of the related researches on electrical, thermal, and pharmacological stimulation are summarized. Scientists are searching for more suitable therapies for neuromodulation now, including improving probe and electrode materials based on existing protocols. In terms of thermal stimulation, light-induced heating of heat conversion materials are introduced. The three administration routes of oral, intravenous and micropump in pharmacological are also mentioned. It also highlight the researches that combine some new cutting-edge technologies (e.g. nanotechnology) with the neuromodulation technique. In the end, the advantages and disadvantages are discussed, and the prospects are forecasted.
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