CAR T-Cell Therapy: Current Progress, Challenges and potential Strategies

Abstract

In recent years, the unexpected development of immune system resistance in cancer cells has initiated development for new drug therapies that combat resistant cancer cells. One important issue is the mutation of antigens, which are able to help the cancer cells avoid immune system detection. As a result, the development of effective new therapies free from these problems is still a heavy focus in the medical community. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells therapy is a new potential treatment that uses the infusion of genetically engineered immune system T-cells to recognize specific threats with the help of artificial T-cell receptors. Through extracting and engineering the blood sample of patients, foreign pathogens and cancer cells that aren’t yet able to be identified by the immune system can be recognized and detected by the CAR T-cells. This review paper aims to examine CAR T-cell treatments against ALL, focusing on the target antigens used in CAR design, variations in CAR generations, clinical trials and FDA approvals for CAR T-cells, obstacles in CAR T-cell treatments, and the best ways to overcome them.